, Internet, , . , , , .
IP- InterNIC (Network Information Center), . InterNIC Internet - . IP- Internet .
, Internet, . IP-. Internet, ! , IP- , . 254 .
, .
, "-".
, , , , , , 2 .
: IP- , Internet ? , , , , Internet ( " "), IP-, , . : .
.
, 254 .
, - Internet, IP-! Internet. , IP-, .
IP-, .
|
|
IP
. , - intranet ( Internet), .
Internet, . .
IP- | IP- | ||
A | 10.0.0.0 | 10.255.255.255 | 16 777 216-2 |
B | 172.16.0.0 | 172.31.255.255 | 65 536-2 |
C | 192.168.0.0 | 192.168.255.255 | 256-2 |
. , - Internet, - Internet, . Internet , , .
, IP- , , Internet, , Internet.
, - , , IP , IP .
IP ! : - , "". , .
1) ( - );
2) / , , , , IP .
3) ;
4) IP ;
5) ;
6) , .
, 2- 3- .
1
, , IP- 210.16.15.0.
:
IP- 210.16.15.0 - . 254 () (210.16.15.0) (210.16.15.255).
: "" .
"" IP .
IP , ():
- IP .
IP - IP , .
|
|
, IP , - , () .
. - .
- , IP .
IP :
A (8 ): 255.0.0.0
B (16 ): 255.255.0.0
C (24 ): 255.255.255.0
, .
, . () , , , . ; , IP- () .
, , , 1.
- , - .. , , . :
C, 2 -
11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 255.255.255.128
4 -
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000, 255.255.255.192. ..
210.16.15.0, : -
2 126 255.255.255.128 (11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000)4 62 255.255.255.192 (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000)8 30 255.255.255.224 (11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000)16 14 255.255.255.240 (11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000)32 6 255.255.255.248 (11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000)64 2 255.255.255.252 (11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100)
, IP .
, . () , :
Broadcast MinIP MaxIP ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 128 2 0 127 1 126 126 128 255 129 254 126 252 192 4 0 63 1 62 62 64 127 65 126 62 128 191 129 190 62 192 255 193 254 62 248 224 8 0 31 1 30 30 32 63 33 62 30 64 95 65 94 30 96 127 97 126 30 128 159 129 158 30 160 191 161 190 30 192 223 193 222 30 224 255 225 254 30 240, . , , IP .
2
, , 10 .
:
254 .
10- 3- , 4- . , , 4 10 , . , .
16 4 . , 16 : 24 - 2 = 14 . .
|
|
, :
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
255.255.255.240
( , ).
, , , 192.168.200.246 255.255.255.240 - 192.168.200.240 0.0.0.6.
3
, , , , , 4 .
:
:
16 777 216. 4- 2 , 22 . , 222 - 2 = 4 194 302 .
4 4 194 302 255.192.0.0 (11111111. 11000000.00000000.00000000)
- 65 536. 4- 2 , 14 . , 214 - 2 = 16 382 .
4 16 382 255.255.192.0 (11111111.11111111. 11000000.00000000)
. , IP , . , , , "" IP , , , , - .
, IP- . IP .
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), , IP-.
DHCP , . DHCP -.
, DHCP-, IP-. DHCP - cep -, IP-. , DHCP- DHCP- IP-.
DHCP- , (lease duration). IP- .
DHCP - TCP/IP . IP-, IP-.
, DHCP - IP- . DHCP-, , .
|
|
DHCP- IP- IP- . DHCP-.
, . IP- -, , . DHCP- IP- . IP-.
DHCP TCP/IP, .
" ", , IP-, DHCP- .
1) IP- 190.235.130.N, 255.255.192.0. , .
2) N.0.0.0 32 .
3) , - 50 450. Internet N.124.0.0. 8 . :
- ? .
4) 6 , 25 . 192.168.10.0, , IP- .
5) IP- . .
5.
192.168.16.0/24 | 5 100, 20, 10, 6 40 | |
194.45.27.0/24 | 5 34, 20, 62,10 40 * | |
56.1.1.0/16 | 4 65, 22, 10 30 | |
147.168.0.0/16 | 5 56, 16, 10 70 | |
193.68.61.0/24 | 5 100, 20, 10 40 | |
192.100.0.0/24 | 4 80, 20, 12 20 | |
195.18.11.0/24 | 4 110, 11, 10 40 | |
207.15.0.0/24 | 4 28, 80, 10 40 | |
222.11.0.0/24 | 4 110, 20, 10 50 | |
200.2.2.0/24 | 4 100, 20, 10 40 | |
201.111.32.0/16 | 5 170, 590, 1500, 800 254 * | |
128.200.1.0/16 | 5 115, 300, 200, 128 420 | |
53.11.0.0/16 | 5 165, 222, 128, 110 430 * | |
146.77.0.0/16 | 5 550, 116, 200, 256 170 | |
194.54.45.0/24 | 4 103, 39, 10 16 | |
142.51.0.0/16 | 4 180, 120, 12 30 | |
43.0.0.0/16 | 4 151, 211, 16 70 |
- IP-.
- ?
- , ?
- ?
- VLM (variable length mask).
5