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(. ) ,




I = 0, U * = E /2, U 0= 0, U 1= E ,

E = (1 + R 1/ R 2) E /2.

 

E > E . E "" E £ E ¯. D 1 U 1= U * .

E ¯ , U 2 = U 1:

(E ¯ U * ) / R 1 + (U 1 2 U * ) / R 2 + I = 0.

 

E ¯ = (1 R 1/ R 2) E /2.

 

D E = E E ¯ = E R 1/ R 2.

 

"" . R 2 "" . 100 200 , 10 20 .

, R 1 R 2 , D E .

KU × K ³ 1,

KU = KU 1 KU 2, KU . R 1, R 2 K = R 1/(R 1+ R 2), , .

, , . (. ""): (I 0 1 ) U 1= U 0, E E ¯. R 1, R 2 , I 0(R 1½½ R 2) < <1,0 .

, (E ). , . . 2.2 () ().

 

.2.2. () ()

 

- () . , . (.2.3, ), "" "" (I) R 2. . U .

.2.3, .

 

. 2.3. "" ""() ()

 

( 2 3) (, ), . "" "" R 2 (. . 2.1), C (.2.4, ) , ( 2 4 3 5 . 2.3, ). ( I) 2 3 E 1, . R 1 D 1 (. 2.4, ), R 1 23 . -.

 

. 2.4. (, ) "" ()

 

C "" "" (.2.4, ), , . "" .

 

 

1. - ( ).

2. . D 1 D 2, . .

3. (. .2.3) "" "". , . , , .

4. (. .2.4, , ). .

 

1. .. . .: , 1981. .130 136.

2. .., .. . .: . ., 1991. . 577 584.

3. .. . .: , 1991 (. . 1161).

 

3

 

 

: ‑ ‑.

 

() , . . , . () , "" . , "" .

‑ (. 3.1). () . () D 2 R U 0, D 1 U 1, 1-2 D2. D 1 U 0, , , C .

E U 1 U 0 (.3.1, ), 1-1 D 1, U 0 U 1. C D 2

. 3.1. (), () U * ()

 

U 1 U 0. 1-2 D 1. , D 2 U *, , . (). 100 200 . , ! 1-2 D 1 U 0, D 1 U 1== U 1. , "" (. 3.1, ) T.

U 2= U *, , D 1 D 2 (. 3-1, ). , , C . . 3.1, , U * @ E /2.

T, , C.

, , D 1 U 0 U 1, (I ) : + r - D 1 C
- ( .3.1, ). - - D 2 .3.2.

C R , D 2. U 2= U * D 1 D 2 . (). ( 3.1, ).

,

t = C (R + r ), D U = U 1 U 0. U 00, U 1 + E , r (. ).

, . C R (I ) . (. .3.1, ) VD. , C R ( ), D 1 VD. , D 1. .3.1, . , D 2 , , U 1 U 0. D 1 , , , D 1 C.

D 1, , R: (. "").

‑ .3.3, .
() D 2 U 1, D 1 U 0. E ( U 1 U 0) 2-1 D 2 , .

, . .3.3, .

 

.  
. 3.3. () ()

 

‑ () .3.4. - ‑ U 0 , .

 

.3.4. - U 1 () U 0 ()

 

, , (. 3.4, ) D 2 U 1, U 1-2= U 1= U 0. (. 3.4, ) U 0 D 2.

‑ ( U 0 U 1). . .

 





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