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Indefinite. 4




Wehaven't got any bananas
We don't have bananas.

, , . , . do BE , . :

Sorry, I don't have any coffee;

Do you have time for a walk?

I haven't a car BE, .
, I have. Do you have? I don't have, *Have you them? "Has he it? , , . Have do - , a had . , Have you the money? , a Had you the money? . got , got have . : I('ve) got a problem. (Have) you got a light? got do (). :

"I(' ve) got a new apartment."- "Oh, do you?"

.

can't, won't , , .

. , must, , may, . , :

1) You must have some of this cake;

2) You should have some of this cake;

3) You may have some of this cake.

1 , 3- . . , You must be very careful " ", a You must be very careless ", , ".

have to have got to must, . .:

. The United States must conserve its resources
. We have to (hafto) / have got to (gotta) conserve our resources.

have to BE must, a don't have to , needn't. , Do you have to do that? Must you do that?, a You don't have to do that You needn't do that.

BE have to have got to must , . .:

-You've got to be kidding (Ir.);
BE- You've got to be joking (Mac.).

have do, have to have got to , have have got . , , , have (got) to, will have to. :

I' ve got to get up early tomorrow - we're going to Devon ( I'll have to...).

, must, , be to - , , , must, , be to, , . :

"Tell him to go to sleep." - "She says you' re to go to sleep." (L.).

be able to , can. .:

Can you do it?
Are you able to do it?

be able to could, - . .:

I ran fast and was able to catch the bus
I ran fast and could catch the bus (: but didn't).

could : , , (, (the) only, just, almost, always, scarcely, hardly), . :

I could get in, because the door was open;

The door was open, so I could get in.

Ought to should , . .:

. You should tell your parents about this
. You ought to (oughtta) tell your folks about this.

ought to. :

You oughtn't do that.

may . You may go then may, , go " ". may ", , ".

will would, (would ). . , I will help him today I wanted / intended to help him yesterday.

may might ( Try as she might, her poor head just wouldn't let her think what it was she should rightly remember (Me.)) will, would could. :

Look where we would there was no rock or tree (H. Haggard) (" ...").

Would, should, will, . :

This Velma was an entertainer, a singer. You wouldn't know her? I don't suppose you went there much (Cha.).

would should , will. , should be there by now It is reasonable to assume that he is there by now, will be there by now I am quite certain that he is there by now. , , should will. .:

Let's not go shopping today. The shops will be crowded
Let's go early tomorrow when they will / should be fairly empty.

will Will you come this way, please? - if. :

Mr. Marlowe? If you will come this way, please - (Cha.) (", !").

. :

If you will / would come this way, I'll see if the principal is free.

if . :

"I'll speak to her and tell her to lay off." - "If you would " (.) (" ").

would may. :

Where would he be? (Cha.) (" ?");

"And what would you be doing, my dears?" she said. "What brings you to Gipsy's Acre?" (.) (" ...").

will would, will would . :

You " will keep forgetting things.

would, , (. . " "). :

You " would tell Mary about the party - I didn't want to invite her.

Present Indefinite, , will + , , . , dog usually obeys his master , A dog will usually obey his master , .

Would used to . :

When we were children we used to / would go skating every winter.

Ho . Used to , . Would . .:

Sometimes the boys would play a trick on their teacher (.)
used to have an old Rolls Royce (*He would ).

, , , , used to, would. :

His hair used to be black but it's white now;

"I thought you didn't like Tom." - "I usen't to (like him), but I do now."

. .:

I used to ask him, and he would (always) come
I asked him, but he wouldn't come.

, would / should + like, do not want. .:

I'd like to see Mr. Jones
No, I don't want to see Mr. Jones, thank you.

would not like would dislike, .. " ..." " ...".

I would like to have seen John at the party; I wouldn't like to have waited in that line for the tickets I would have liked to see John at the party; I wouldn't have liked to wait in that line for the tickets.

dare, need used . , do. John daren't risk it John doesn't dare to risk it, Dare we take the risk? - Do we dare to take the risk?, Need you ask?-Do you need to ask?, You needn't go - You don't need to go. "Used you to play rugby at school?"-"No, I used not. "-"But you used to play some game, usen't you? "-"Of course I used to" : "Did you use to play rugby at school?"-"No, I did not." - "But you used to play some game, didn't you?"- "Of course I did."

/ to dare need. dare to . , dared, needed, dares, needs to. to .

need not (needn't) don't / won't + need / have to . - ( ). :

The party starts at 8.0, but you needn't be there till 8.30.

, - , , - ( () ). :

You do not need to go (AH.).

need Need I go, Mother? must (Must I go, Mother?) , (.: " ?" " ?").

may might do you think? + / be + + likely + . , Are we likely to meet any snakes? May we meet any snakes?, : . . : Do you think she knows we are here?, May she know we are here? Do you think it will rain? ( *Might it rain?).

want , ought to, must should (, , ):

You want to take it easy (He.).

can may - . ( ): You can go now. may can - . can , a may BE. Can , may. May I? , , , . May I? Can I? . Can I? , , , ; , , . , Can I come in? Can I see the manager, please? ?, , , ?. Can I? . , , , Can I help you?. , , - . , Can I? -, - ( , : You can pass me the salt). May I see you home?, , . Can I see you home?, , .

- may n . :

You cannot / can't have additional time (AH.);

Why can't I have an additional day to prepare? (ib.).

may , . .:

Why mayn't I have...? (ib.).

Could I? Could I ask you something, if you're not too busy? - , , , . Could I?, , , Can I?. Might I? . :

Might I take the liberty of pointing out that you have made a small mistake?

, can may. Could might , , . :

" Could I use your phone?"- "Yes, of course you can " ( *could)1,

" Might I trouble you for a light?" - "You may indeed" ( *might).

1 could , - . : "Can / Could you help me with this math problem?"-"Yes. I could (if you would wait a few minutes while I finish this work)".

can, may. :

It's not fair. Joey can stay up till ten and I have to go to bed at eight ( *may).

could was allowed to had permission to . could - , .. . , was allowed to had permission to. .:

When I lived at home, Icould watch TVwhenever I wanted to
Iwas allowed to see heryesterday evening ( *I could see her...);
He had permission to go out for an hour( * could go out...).

could , .

- () , . :

All those contributing to this book have a very practical interest in all that does, might or should go on in higher education.

. :

Senor Montevalde had never faced a bull without the protection of a stout fence, and never would (Har.).

, . , have :

) "" Active,

) ", " Passive,

) Active, Passive,

) "", "" Active Passive , ,

) up " ", " "- Passive, Active. :

a) They have a beautiful house, * beautiful house is had by them;

6) Then, suddenly, we're a joke; then we' ve been had (Ir.);

) We had a good time (LD.);

Coffee and hot-dogs are in plentiful supply, and a grand time is had by thousands of onlookers (MN.) ( A good time was had by all (LD.));

) What shall we have for dinner? (Hor.);

Free seats were not to be had (M.);

Anything in the market can be had for the right price (LD.);

) Mary would be had up as accomplice (Co.).

, , , . , : The lawn wasn't walked over (by visitors), The lawn can't be walked over (by visitors). . : dependable adj - that may be depended upon (.) *that is depended upon. . :

John cannot do it " "
It cannot be done by John "He , ".

get be. .
1. Get , a be - . get , , . .:

got angered when he realized he was being manipulated ( )
was angered when he realized he was being manipulated ( , ).

2. get . , got executed , got spared. get .. - * got informed (about it) ( was informed), - got acquitted ( . ), - got convicted , , -The bastard got convicted, . get . : didn't get convicted / acquitted. get , , .. be , - , get . .:

. John was hurt in the accident
. John got hurt in the accident;
. We got caught in a heavy shower
. We were caught...

3. be get , , , . , got acquitted , , by, , . : * got acquitted by the new judge. Cp. " " get be:

Ever since he got elected Class President, he's been stuck up " , "
Ever since he was elected Class President, things have been running much more smoothly " ".

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