AD −AS AD . , : , . (1958 .) 100 (1861 − 1957 .). 1960 . . . , . , .. . |
. : , "" . , , , . 60- . XX . − , " ": , − . 1968 . . ., . , . ( 70- .) - , − , . |
: 70- . (1973−1974, 1978−1980 .) − ( , , − , , ) . 80- . (1983 − 1988 .)− , |
, : π = f (u) ¯ |
3 : π = πe − β(u − u*) + ε | |
πe | ( ) : , |
− β(u − u*) | , , (u > u*), (u < u*) : , |
ε | : (ε < 0) (ε >0) |
SRPC πe πe ε SRPC |
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LRPC, , .. LRPC − |
, : πet+1 = πet | |
" , " | |
, , : πet+1 = πet + α(πt − πet) 0 < α < 1 , | |
", ": " , " | |
( ) : πe = πt (xi) xi − , , , | |
", " |
A: Y = Y* u = u* π = πe1 , .. : . AD1 → AD2, SRPC1 A B, .. . (Y1 > Y*) (u1 < u*). | |||
B | u1 < u* (Y1 > Y*) πe2 > πe1 (P2 > P1) | W−const , . | |
(, , ), , , Y* (u*). SRPC1 → SRPC2 πe2 ( B C). | |||
C | Y = Y* u = u* π = πe2 > πe1 | ||
LRPC u*, " " . | |||
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. : πe1 = π1. AS . A C, B, AD , " ". | |
LRPC u*. |
"" . |
( %) 1 % | |
1 % 5 %, .. = 5 ↓π (1%)→ ↓Y (5%) |
, ↑ u (1%) → ↓ Y (2%) ↓π (1%)→ ↑u (2.5%) ↓ π (1%) → ↓ Y (5%) Σ (u − u*) K = = Δ π |
AD1→ AD2 () SRPC1: ( A B). SRPC1 − SRPC2 ( B C), u*. A C B. SRPC1 . |