| , | , |
| : : ; , : ; | 1) AD 2) AS 3) MS, V, En ( , , ) |
| (é ) | |
| 1. AD ( ) AS − const ( ): ; ; " " | 1. (" "). |
| 2. : − 10% 8 9 % é . | 2. . |
| 3. AS AD −const | 3. |
| 4. |
| ( ); , − |
| 1. . | 1. . |
| 2. ( ) , .. . | 2. . |
| 3. ( ). | 3. ( ) , . |
| 4. , − . | |
| . | |
| ( ); (, ); ; (TIP − tip-taked-based income policy): ( ) . |
|
|
|
| " " | |
| ; ; ; ; | |
| . , .. π = f(πe), + | |
| ; |
| ; ; | |
| 20−30% | |
