I. The Objective Participial Construction (Complex Object)
( ).
+ Participle I Participle II.
I looked through the window and saw the car waiting for me.
, .
:
a) see, hear, feel, watch, find .
b) consider, understand
) want, wish, desire
d) have, get + Participle II
( .)
- , .
He felt all his plans destroyed.
I heard her singing.
We saw them going home.
We consider the
problem solved.
He wants his book published.
He had his hair cut yesterday.
We have had our TV-set repaired today.
, .
, .
, .
, .
, - .
.
.
II. Subjective Participial Construction (Complex Subject)
( )
+ Participle I /II ( ).
She was heard answering the teachers questions.
, .
The teacher was seen surrounded by her students after the lecture.
, .
III. Absolute Participial Construction ( ).
. , (.. ).
, , , , , .
, , a, , . . with.
.
My father being ill, I had to send for the doctor. There being many people in the conference hall, we couldnt enter it.
It being cold, I put on my coat. The students continued their work, with the laboratory assistant helping them.
Breakfast over, my father went to work.
, . , .
, . , .
, .
Gerund. .
, ( , ), ( , , , ).
Active
Passive
Indefinite
writing
being written
Perfect
having written
having been written
: , , , , . .
:
1)
2)
3) : ) ( like, need, prefer, remember, enjoy, to be busy, etc.) ) ( ): to be interested in, to be fond of, etc.
4) ( ) : idea, way, hope, pleasure, necessity, purpose (aim)
5) ) (: after, before, on, in)
) (: by, without, instead of, besides)
6) ( : stop, finish, start, go on, begin)
Smoking is not allowed here. Our hobby is playing chess.
I like reading historical novels. They spoke about their travelling to the Far East.
There are different ways of rendering the Gerund into Russian.
In translating the article I had to use a dictionary.
On coming home he took a short rest.
He left the room without saying a word.
He began writing his book many years ago.
He stopped smoking.
