( ) , , , . , , . ( ) , , , ( , 1÷3(4) , 3÷5(7) ). , . , , ; , , , .
(TFC) (TVC) .
(total fixed costs, TFC) , ; , . (TFC), , : , , , , ( , ), .
(total variable costs, TVC) , . (TVC), , : , , , , , ( ) . . , , . - , ( ) . , .
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(total costs, ) : TC = TFC + TVC.
. , , . .
(average fixed costs, AFC) (TFC) (Q): . , (AFC) . , .. . 200 . . , 1 , 5000 40 .
(average variable costs, AVC) (TVC) (Q): . (AVC) , , , , .
(average total costs, ) () (Q) (AFC) (AVC) (Q): .
, , , .
(marginal costs, ) , , , :
. (D) (DTVC) : DTC = TC2 TC1 = (TFC2 + TVC2) (TFC1 + TVC1) TFC2 = TFC1 = const TFC2 TFC1 = 0, DTC = TVC2 TVC1 = DTVC.
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() , , . () (TVC) () . () (marginal revenue, MR) ( , , , ) ( ) , , , . 7.8.
() (ATC) (AVC) . , () (TVC) , , (AVC), (AVC) (ATC). () (AFC) , () (), , (TFC) .
() (AVC), (AVC) ( ).
() (AVC), (AVC) ( ). , () (AVC) .
() (AC), (AC) ( ).
() (AC), (AC) ( ). , () (AC) .
.
(TFC) (AFC) (ATC) . (AVC) () , , . ( ) (AVC), () () (AFC). .
.
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) (TFC), (TVC) () | ) (AFC), (AVC), () () |
TFC, TVC, , . . TVC TFC 0 , Q, . Q1 Q1 , | FC, VC, , , . . MC min AVC min ATC ATC AVC AFC 0 1 , Q, . Q1 Q1 , , () |
. 7.2.
7.2
,
( )
TP º Q | TFC | TVC | TC = TFC + TVC | AFC = TFC / Q | AVC = TVC / Q | ATC = TC / Q = AFC + AVC | MC = DTC / DQ | |
. | . . | . . . | . . | |||||
- | - | - | - | |||||
200,00 | 180,00 | 380,00 | ||||||
100,00 | 170,00 | 270,00 | ||||||
66,66 | 160,00 | 226,66 | ||||||
50,00 | 150,00 | 200,00 | ||||||
40,00 | 148,00 | 188,00 | ||||||
33,33 | 150,00 | 183,33 | ||||||
28,57 | 154,28 | 182,85 | ||||||
25,00 | 162,50 | 187,50 | ||||||
22,22 | 173,33 | 195,55 | ||||||
20,00 | 186,00 | 206,00 | ||||||