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1. | . | 0,25 | ||
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11. | . | 0,5 | ||
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18. | 0,25 | |||
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1. | .. .. | |||
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3. | .. | |||
4. | . . | |||
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11. | - .. .. |
.
5-20 ,
.
si = qni(mn + mp) ni, q = 16*10-20 , mn mp . , , , , , () , .
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, , , , .
W, T, -:
Fn(W) = 1/(1 + exp((W - WF) / kT))
k , T . WF .
, , (.. ). , Fp(W) W, Fn(W) + Fp(W) = 1. .. Fp(W) = 1 - Fn(W),
Fp(W) = 1/(1 + exp((WF - W) / kT)).
WF, , , , .
T=0 .
!!!
, .. .
,
, .. . - . , , , .. .
, , dW, P(W), . , dW dWP(W) Fn(W). .. dni = P(W)Fn(W)dW.
, 1 3 W1 W2 :
:
(onductivity) (valency) . :
:
Nc- ( 13)
.
h = 4,1410-15 . mn mp . * F = mn d V /dt,
F , , V .
, mn = mp = m . :
, ΔW = Wc -Wv , ni = pi, :
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, .. WFi = (W-Wv) / 2.
ni . :
ΔW >> kT, μn μp
, , T3/2 .
, :
:
, .
. , , , , , , , .
, . . .
. ΔW.=0,012 .
.
, . , . ! , , -. , .. . n. . , -.
, . , , . () . . . , , , , . , .
n
-.
WFn n,
WFn = -((Wc+kTln(N/Nc)). N
. , .
,
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.
.
, (). , .
. , , .
- . . ,
p. p .
, , .
, p .
p- - .
WFp p .
WFn = -((Wv+kTln(N/Nv)). N .
n , p :
, T .
, n - p , :
WF , .
, n = ni2 / p p = ni2 / n,
:
WFi = (Wc - Wv) / 2 , WF .
, () W = qφ, :
: φFi () , φF - () , φT = kT/q ( ). T = 300oK φT = 0,025 .
φFi φE, , , .. φFi ≈ φE. :
:
φFn = φE + φT ln(n / ni) n ,
φFp = φE - φT ln(p / ni) p - .
σn = qnμn + qpμp ≈ qnμn, σp = qnμn + qpμp ≈ qnμp - .
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