- , -n-, , . p-n- , , , . -n- , . , - n- (. 1.61, ), 0.
, , (. 1.61, ), . 0, - - , . Nd Na , . , , .
- - - , , . 1.62, . = EFn - EFp. - p- (. 1.62, 6) n- - - -. n- , - , , n-, -. , - n-. , . 1.62, , , :
(1.75)
x0 (. 1.62, ), n , (. 1.62, ). , . , . , , φ 0, ζ () φ().
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(1.76)
φ() ζ () :
(1.77)
, p-n- Nd Na.. n- ρ( ) = q*Nd,, - ρ() =-q*Na. - -.
n- ( < < 0)
(1.78)
- (0 < < )
(1.79)
- (. 1.62, e ). > < =0:
(1.80)
ζ() , φ() :
(1.81)
ζ () 0 ,
(1.82)
, φ(x) = 0 (. 1.62, ).
Δ = ( n) (1.81) (1.82) = 0. , , φ () - φ() = φK0, :
(1.83)
(1.80) , Δ = (0 - ) + ( - 0), :
(1.84)
:
(1.85)
(1.86)
(1.87)
(1.85) (1.86) , Nd = Na 0 xn = p - 0. . Nd ≠ NA, . . Nd >> Na (1.87)
(1.87,a)
Nd << Na., (1.87)
(1.87,)
( ), , - , , . 1.62 1 4. 1 3 (), 2 4 (). . n- - , cn, , , - n- , Evn , . , .
-, . -n- . . , p-n-, , , , . , . - -, . , -n-
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-n- , , -n-. , 1 3. p-n- , , , , , ( 2 4). , -n- , . . (1.87), (1.87) (1.876) φK0 φ. , .