Настоящее совершенное время

The Present Perfect Tense

Образование. The Present Perfect Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме настоящего времени (have, has) и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола: I have worked, he has worked, we have worked.

В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Have I worked? Has he worked? Have we worked?

Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not,которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола: I have not worked, he has not worked, we have not worked.

Употребление the Present Perfect Tense.

1. Недавно закончившиеся действия. В этом значении the Present Perfect Tense часто употребляется с наречиями just только что, already уже, yet еще, lately недавно, of late в последнее время, recently недавно.

The mail has just come.

Почта только что пришла.

2. Закончившиеся прошлые действия, связанные с настоящим, с указанной или не указанной ссылкой на время (today сегодня, this week на этой неделе, this month в этом месяце, this century в нашем веке и др.).

I have written a letter this morning.

Я написал письмо сегодня утром.

c) Личный опыт/перемены, которые произошли.

I ’ve lost 5 kilos.

Я похудела на 5 килограмм.

3. Для подчеркивания количества.

This year our team has won 2 cups.

В этом году наша команда выиграл а 2 кубка.

4. Употребляется вместо thePresent Perfect Continuous Tense с глаголами, обычно не употребляющимися во временах группы Continuous.

I have known him for 2 years.

Я знаю его 2 года.

5. Действие, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается до настоящего времени (часто с since с или for в течение).

I have lived here since my childhood.

Я жив у тут с детства.

6. В обстоятельственных придаточных предложениях условия и времени, которые вводятся союзами if если, unless если … не, provided that при условии если, when когда, until, till до тех пор, пока не, as soon as как только, as long as пока, before прежде чем и т. д. для описания будущих действий вместо the Future Perfect Tense. См. будущие времена. Придаточные предложения времени и условия.

I’ll go out as soon as I have solved this problem.

Я поеду гулять, как только решу эту задачу.

 

EXERCISES

Exercise 1.

Write as many of the irregular Past Participles as you can. Check them, and learn the ones that you don’t know.

be	become	begin	break	bring	build	come	cost
do	drink	eat	fall	flow	forget	freeze	give
go	hear	hold	hurt	keep	know	learn	leave
let	make	pay	put	read	say	see	shut
sit	speak	stand	swim	take	tell	think	write

Exercise 2.

Give the correct form of the Present Perfect of each verb.

1.	I ____ just ____ the news. (hear)
2.	She ____ already ____ her homework. (do)
3.	We ____ 30 kilometres today. (walk)
4.	She ____ never ____ in a plane. (flow)
5.	These letters ____ just ____. (arrive)
6.	She ____ away from home for six months. (be)
7.	Three people ____ the company this week. (leave)
8.	He ____ there since he was a child. (live)
9.	A new supermarket ____ in town. (open)
10.	Tom ____ that movie twenty times. (see)

Exercise 3.

Make negative Present Perfect sentences.

Model:

Helen has left the house already. I haven’t left the house.

1.	I’ve made a lot of mistakes in my dictation. Paul ____
2.	Margaret has traveled a lot in her life. Her friends ____
3.	We have already stayed in this town. Jane ____
4.	I’ve been to a rock concert twice this year. Jim and Rob ____
5.	I’ve worked here for six years. Dave ____
6.	This is the fourth time he has damaged my car. I ____
7.	They have bought a new car. Their neighbors ____
8.	Joe has changed his job twice this year. I ____
9.	I’ve heard this music before. My parents ____
10.	Sarah has lost her passport again. Maria ____

 

Exercise 4.

Make Present Perfect questions.

Model:	you/hear/the news? Have you heard the news?
where/Mark/phone? Where has Mark phoned?

 

1.	what/you/say to Diana?
2.	the Sunday newspapers/arrive?
3.	where/you/put the keys?
4.	you/finish/painting the house?
5.	how long/they/have/this problem?
6.	Emily/write/to her parents?
7.	why/Andrew/go home?
8.	you/ever/be/to London?
9.	it/stop/raining yet?

 

Exercise 5.

Alex is a very hard-working student. It’s midnight and he is still working at his computer. Write sentences with the Present Perfect Tense andfororsince.

 

Model:

be/at his computer/eight hours He ’ s been at his computer for eight hours.

1.	not/have/any fun/a long time
2.	not/phone/his parents/Monday
3.	not/sleep/24 hours
4.	not/watch a video/September
5.	not/see/his friends/ages
6.	not/do/any sport/last year
7.	be/busy with his studies/months

Exercise 6.

It is nine o ’ clock in the morning. Look at the table and say what Kate has / hasn ’ t done. Use Present Perfect verbs with already, yetand just.

Model:

She has just had a cup of coffee.

8.55

 

have a shower get dressed do a lot of work write letters telephone mother clean kitchen read newspaper make toast listen to the radio

yes no yes three 8.57 yes no 8.59 no

 

Exercise 7.

Complete the sentences using today / this year / this termetc.

Model:

I see Peter every day, but I haven ’ t seen him today.

1.	I read a newspaper every day, but I ____
2.	Nike always works hard at school, but ____
3.	We go to the cinema most weekends, but ____
4.	Someone usually rings in the evening, but no one ____
5.	We usually have a party each term, but ____
6.	I drink three cups of coffee a day, but ____
7.	My father buys a newspaper most mornings, but ____

 

Exercise 8.

A. Steve is in a travel agency. A customer offers him a walking holiday in the tropical rain forests of Africa. Take a part of the customer and ask Steve some questions beginning Have you ever...?

 

Model:	CUSTOMER:	STEVE:
Can you walk a long distance?	Yes, no problem.
Have you ever walked (walk) more than 50 kms?	Yes, often.

CUSTOMER: 1. Are you healthy? __________ (have) a serious illness? __________ (break) an arm or a leg? 2. Can you swim? __________ (travel) in a boat? 3. Do you like flying _________ (fly) in a plane? 4. Can you read a map? __________ (lose) your way? 5. Do you sleep well? __________ (sleep) outside? 6. Are you afraid of heights? __________ (climb) a high mountain?

STEVE Yes, very No, never. My leg, twice. Yes. Yes, twice. Not very much. Yes, a few times. I think so. No, never. Yes, always. Yes, many times. No. Yes, once.

B. Now write 3 sentences saying what Steve has done, and 3 sentences saying what Steve hasn’t done.

Model:	He has (often) walked more than 50 kms,
but
He has never ridden a camel.

 

C. And what about you?

Model:

I have never walked more than 50 kms.

Exercise 9.

Fill in with for, since, already, just, never, ever or yet.

1.	I’ve lived here ____ I was a child.
2.	She hasn’t phoned ____
3.	Have you ____ been to China?
4.	They have ____ told the truth.
5.	He’s been abroad ____ five years.
6.	I have ____ received a new message.
7.	My parents have ____ decided to buy a new car.
8.	I’ve lived here ____ three months.
9.	Has he ____ spoken to you about the problem?
10.	We have ____ come late.
11.	Mark hasn’t been to Paris ____.
12.	He has ____ finished reading the novel.
13.	David has ____ found the solution to his problems.
14.	I’ve worked in the factory ____ 1982.

 

Exercise 10.

Find the mistakes and correct them.

1.	I’s read two books this week.
2.	He travel all over the world already.
3.	I saw her in May, but I have seen her since.
4.	She has drive the same car for fifteen years.
5.	I have yet climbed a mountain.
6.	You ought to wash the car. You hasn’t washed it for ages.
7.	Bill will done a lot of things at different times in his life.
8.	She’s been here always 10 minutes.
9.	We’s lived here for seven years.
10.	I have have this bike since I was a teenager and I still use it.

Exercise 11.

Work in pairs. You haven ’ t seen your friend for a long time. You want to know what your friend has done since you last meet. Ask and answer questions using the prompts below and your own ideas.

finish / study find / a new job move / new flat get / married start / swimming

Model:	SA: Have you finished your studies?
SB: Yes, I have.