1-60 , , - - ? ? , (, , )
2s2 2p2 | 3s1 3p3 3d2 | 3s2 pl | |||
2s2 2p3 | 4s1 42 | 5s1 5p3 5d1 | |||
2s1 2p3 | 4s14p3 4d2 | 2s2 2pl | |||
3s1 3p3 3d1 | 4s1 4p2 | 4s2 4pl | |||
4s1 4p2 | 6s1 6p1 6d5 | 5s2 5p2 | |||
5s2 5p3 | 4s1 4p3 4d1 | 3s1 2 | |||
2s2 2p2 | 4s2 44 | 4s2 4p2 | |||
6s2 6p1 | 4s14p2 | 4s1 4p3 | |||
5s1 53 5d1 | 4s2 4p2 | 2s1 2p2 | |||
6s2 6p4 | 5s1 53 5d2 | 4s1 4p2 | |||
4s1 4p3 4d1 | 5s2 5p4 | 5s2 5pl | |||
5s1 5p3 5d2 | 4s14p3 | 5s1 5p2 | |||
2s2 2p5 | 4s1 4p3 4d2 | 3s2 2 | |||
2s2 2p1 | 5s2 5p5 | 3s2 3p4 | |||
3s2 3p5 | 5d5 6s2 | 3s233 | |||
4s2 4p5 | 5s1 5p3 | 4s2 4p5 | |||
5s1 5p3 | 6s2 6p3 | 6s1 6p3 | |||
5s2 5p4 | 6s1 6p4 | 2s2 23 | |||
6s1 6p2 | 5s2 5p1 | 6s2 6p2 | |||
6s2 6p3 | 4s1 4p3 4d2 | 4s2 4p4 |
61-75 - . ?
. | |||
AlCl3 | 7,41 . 10 -9 | - | |
Al2S3 | 7,41 . 10 -9 | 1,05 . 10 -7 | |
SnSO4 | 3,48 . 10 -10 | - | |
Pb(CH3COO)2 | 5,01 . 10 -4 | 1,74 . 10 -5 | |
SnCl2 | 3,48 . 10 -10 | - | |
AlI3 | 7,41 . 10 -9 | - | |
SnBr2 | 3,48 . 10 -10 | - | |
AlBr3 | 7,41 . 10 -9 | - | |
Bi(NO3)3 | 3,08 . 10 -12 | - | |
Al(NO3)3 | 7,41 . 10 -9 | - | |
Sn(NO3)2 | 3,48 . 10 -10 | - | |
Al2(SO4)3 | 7,41 . 10 -9 | - | |
SnF2 | 3,48 . 10 -10 | - | |
Al2(CO3)3 | 7,41 . 10 -9 | 4,27 . 10 -7 | |
Pb(NO3)2 | 5,01 . 10 -4 | - |
76 - 90 , ? , .
/ | |
) l2(S4)3 NaOH ) l23 NH4OH | |
) Al N3 (.) ) Al 2S4(.) ( ) | |
) Pb()2 KCl ) Pb2; nSO4 H2SO4 | |
) Al ) SnCl2; K2Cr2O7 l (.) | |
) Pb N3 (.) ) Sn(N)2 H | |
) Pb(N)2 I ) Pb l(.) | |
) AlF3 NaF ) Al NaOH | |
) Sn CuS04 ) Ag l2(S4) | |
) Cu b()2 ) SnCl2; K2Cr2O7 l (.) | |
) Pb(N)2 FeCl2 ) b()2 Cd | |
) SnCl2 Cu ) SnCl2 FeCl3 | |
) Sn N3 (.) ) Pb AgNO | |
a) SnCl2 Cu ) Al N3 (.) | |
a)Al N3 (.) ) Pb(N)2 H | |
) Pb(N)2 Cu ) l23 NaOH |
|
|
91-100 (/ /) , () .
\ | \ | ||||
PbI2 | 9,8. 10 -9 | Pb(OH)2 | 7,9 . 10 -16 | ||
PbS | 6,8. 10 - 29 | PbCO3 | 7,5 . 10 -14 | ||
PbSO4 | 1,7 . 10 -8 | PbF2 | 2,7 . 10 -8 | ||
Al(OH)3 | 3,2 . 10 -34 | Sn(OH)2 | 6,3 . 10 -27 | ||
BiI3 | 8,1 . 10 -19 | SnI2 | 8,3 . 10 -6 |
101-112 - .
SnC12 + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 → | |
Sn + N3(.) → Sn(N3)2 + NO + | |
Sn + N3 (.) → 2Sn + NO2 + | |
Pb+ N3 (.) → Pb (N)2 + NO + | |
Pb+ N3 (.) → Pb (N)2 + NO2 + | |
Al + N3 (.) → l(N3)3+ NH4N3 + 2 | |
PbS + N3 (.) → S + NO + Pb(N)2 + | |
Al + 2r2O7 + H2SO4 → 12(S4)3 + K2SO4 + r2(S4)3+ | |
Al + KMnO4+ H2S04 → 12(S4)3 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + | |
K2SnO2 + + i(N3)3 → Bi + 2Sn3 + N3 + | |
Al + NN3 + NaOH +2 → NaAlO2 + N3 | |
Pb2 + nSO4 + H2SO4 → nO4 + PbSO4 + |
1 20 . , , (), .
Co Cl3 × 4NH3 | SiF4 × 2HF | ||
CoCl3× 4NH3 × H2O | NiSO4 × 4NH3 × 2H2O | ||
PtCl2 × 3NH3 | AuCl3 × HCl | ||
PtCl2× NH3 × KCl | Fe(CN)2 × 3KCN × NH3 | ||
CrBr3 × 2NH3 × KBr | AgNO3× KNO3 | ||
Cr(NO3)2× 5NH3 × H2O | PdCl2× KCl × NH3 | ||
Fe(CN)3 × 3KCN | CrBr3× 3H2O | ||
CuSO4 × 4NH3 | Pd(NO3)2 × KNO3 × KCl | ||
Ag CN× KCN | CoCl3 × NaCl × 2NH3 | ||
Zn(OH)2 × 2KOH | CrCl3 × 6NH3 |
21 40 . .
[Cu(NH3)4]SO4 | [Cu(H2O)4](NO3)2 | ||
K[Ag(CN)2] | Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 | ||
H2[SiF6] | K[Au(CN)2] | ||
K3[Fe(CN)6] | K3[Al(OH)6] | ||
K2[PtCl6] | K3[Fe(CNS)6] | ||
[Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 | [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] | ||
H[AuCl4] | [CoBr2(NH3)4](NO3)2 | ||
Na2[Zn(OH)4] | [Ag(NH3)2]Cl | ||
[Pt(NH3)2Cl4] | K4[Fe(CN)6] | ||
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl | K2[Pt I6] |
|
|
41 60 . ?
[Au(NH3)2] + [Ag(NH3)2 ]+ | 1,00 × 1027 1,74 × 107 | [Ag(NH3)2 ]+ [AgJ2] - | 1,74 × 107 5,50 × 1011 | ||
[ZnBr4 ] 2- [CdBr4] 2- | 3,16× 10-3 5,01× 103 | [Cu(OH)4] 2- [Al(OH)4] - | 3,63 × 1014× 1,00 × 1033 | ||
[Cr(OH)4] - [Cu(OH)4] 2- | 7,94 × 1029 3,63 × 1014 | [Au(NH3)2] + [AuCl3] - | 1,00 × 1027 2,63 × 109 | ||
[AgI2] - [CdI4 ]2- | 5,50 × 1011 2,24 × 105 | [Ag(OH)2] - [AgI2] - | 1,00 × 104 5,50 × 1011 | ||
[Ag(NCS)2] - [Co(NCS)4] 2- | 1,70 ×108 5,12 × 10-1 | [CdBr4] 2- [CdI4 ]2- | 5,01 × 103 2,24 × 105 | ||
[AlF6] 3- [FeF6] 3- | 4,68 × 1020 1,26 × 1016 | [AlF6 ]3- [Al(OH)4] - | 4,68 × 1020 1,00 × 1033 | ||
[AuCl3] - [AuCl4] - | 2,63 × 109 2,00 × 1021 | [Ag(CN)2] - [Au(CN)2] - | 7,08 × 1019 2,0 × 1038 | ||
[HgCl4] 2- [SnCl4 ]2- | 1,66 × 1015 3,02 × 101 | [SnCl4]2- [SnCl 6] | 3,02 × 101 6,61 × 106 | ||
[Al(OH)4 ]- [Ag(OH)2] - | 1,00 × 1033 1,00 × 104 | [Fe(NCS) 4]- [Fe(NCS)6] 3- | 3,39 × 103 1,70 × 103 | ||
[Zn(NH3)4]2+ [ZnBr4] 2- | 5,01 × 108 3,16 × 10-3 | [PbI4] 2- [ZnI4] 2- | 8,32 × 103 3,10 × 10-1 |
61 80 ) ;
) , , 0,01 .
[Ag(CN)2]- Ag+ + 2CN- | 1,00 × 10-21 | |
[Ag(NH3)2]+ Ag+ + 2NH3 | 5,89 × 10-8 | |
[Ag(S2O3)2]3- Ag+ + 2S2O32- | 1,00 × 10-18 | |
[AlF6]3- Al3+ + 6F- | 5,01 × 10-18 | |
[Cd(CN)4]2- Cd2+ + 4CN- | 7,66 × 10-18 | |
[CdI4]2- Cd2+ + 4I- | 7,94 × 10-7 | |
[Cd(NH3)4]2+ Cd2+ + 4NH3 | 2,75 × 10-7 | |
[Co(CNS)4]2- Co2+ + 4CNS- | 1,9 × 100 | |
[Co(NH3)6]2+ Co2+ + 6NH3 | 4,07 × 10-5 | |
[Cu(CN)2]- Cu+ + 2CN- | 1,00 × 10-24 | |
[Cu(CN)4]3- Cu+ +4CN- | 5,13 × 10-31 | |
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ Cu2+ + 4NH3 | 9,33 × 10-13 | |
[Fe(CN)6]4- Fe2+ + 6CN- | 1,00 × 10-24 | |
[Fe(CN)6]3- Fe3+ + 6CN- | 1,00 × 10-31 | |
[Hg Cl4]2- Hg2+ + 4Cl- | 6,03 × 10-16 | |
[Hg(CN)4]2- Hg2+ + 4CN- | 3,02 × 10-42 | |
[Hg(CNS)4]2+ Hg2+ + 4CNS- | 1,29 × 10-22 | |
[HgI4]2- Hg2+ + 4I- | 1,38 × 10-30 | |
[Ni(CN)4]2- Ni2+ + 4CN- | 1,00 × 10-22 | |
[Ni(NH3)6]2+ Ni2+ + 6NH3 | 9,77 × 10-9 |