pronoun ['prounaun] pron
, , , .
.
, , -, .
, , -, .
1, 2, 3 , - .
| - | ||||
| I | me , | my | mine | myself |
| you | you , | your | yours | yourself |
| he | him , | his | his | himself |
| she | her , | her | hers | herself |
| it , , | it , , | its , | its , | itself |
| we | us , | our | ours | ourselves |
| you | you , | your | yours | yourselves |
| they | them , | their | theirs | themselves |
4 .
| each other ['JC'ADq] , one another ['wAnq'nADq] , |
5 .
| this [DIs] that [Dxt] | these [DJz] those [Douz] |
| such [sAC] , , (the)same [seIm] , it [It] - |
6 .
| who [hH] | whom [hHm] , |
| what [wOt] , | |
| which [wIC] | |
| whose [hHz] |
7 .
| who [hH] | whom [hHm] , |
| what [wOt] , | |
| which [wIC] | |
| whose [hHz] | |
| that [Dxt] |
8 .
| no [nou] , , , |
| none [nAn] , , |
| neither ['naIDq] , |
| no one ['nouwAn] , |
| nobody ['noubqdI] , |
| nothing ['nATIN] |
9 .
| some [sAm] / any ['enI] -, -, -, - |
| somebody ['sAmbqdI] / someone ['sAmwAn] - |
| something ['sAmTIN] - |
| anybody ['enI"bOdI] / anyone ['enIwAn] -, -, - |
| anything ['enITIN] -, -, - |
| one [wAn] |
10 .
| all [Ll] , |
| both [bouT] , ( - ) |
| either ['aIDq] ( - ) |
| each [JC] |
| every ['evrI] , |
| everybody ['evrIbOdI] / everyone['evrIwAn] |
| everything ['evrITIN] |
| other ['ADq] (another [q'nADq]) , |
11 .
|
|
|
| many ['menI] / much [mAC] |
| few [fjH] / little [lItl] |
| a few / a little , |
| several ['sevrl] |
. . : ( ) ( . ).
| I[aI] | me [mJ] , | |
| you [jH] | you [jH] , | |
| he [hJ] she [SJ] it[It] , , | him [hIm] , her [hW] , it[It] , , , | |
| we [wJ] | us [As] , | |
| you [jH] | you [jH] , | |
| they [DeI] | them [Dem] , |
| I - |
I () , . ( ), :
| Yesterday my friend and I saw a new film. | ( ) . | ||
| you - , | |||
- , . you , .
| Boys, where are you? Mary, where are you? | , ? , ()? |
: you , : you two/three, you lot, you people, you folks, you alls, you guys ( ).
| Hi, everybody. What do you guys plan for the weekend? | . ? | ||
| he - , she - | |||
he , . she , . , he she , , , , , .
: , ( ) , she ( , , it). : England,Russia ..
| My father has got an excellent car. She starts up so easy and hasnt let me down yet. | . . | ||
| it , , | |||
it , , , , baby,child , . , , .
|
|
|
| I looked at the window. It was closed. | . . | ||
| Where is your cat? It is on the sofa. It is sleeping. | ( )? () . () . | ||
| they | |||
they , :
| Where are the books? They are on the shelf. | ? . |
.
.
1 :
| He was there yesterday. | . |
| You dont understand me. | . |
2 , . , -, .
Who is there? It is I. = It is me. (. ) ? .
.
.
: + .
:
1 ( , . ? ?)
| He saw me in the street. | . |
| I love you. | . |
| Do you know him? | ? |
| Take it! | /! (, ) |
2 ( , ?):
| Tell him to call me up right away. | . |
| Show him the book. | . |
"" - . , whom? - ?, ( ).
3 :
Who broke the vase? Not me! / Me. ? ! / .
I am feeling tired. Me too. () /(. ). .
.
: + .
.
1 to (?):
| Show the book to him. | . |
| I sent a letter to them. | . |
2 by with (? ?):
| This article was translated by her. | . | ||
| I want to go with you. | ( ). | ||
3 , , (. ?, ?; . ?, ?; . ?, ? ?, ?) . , :
| This letter is for you. | . |
| Tell me everything about them. | . |
| She looked at us in silence. | . |
, : From whom? ? - From me. .; To whom? ? - To me. .; With whom? ? - With me. .
it.
it , :
1 . : , , , ..
) it , , - , , , :
|
|
|
| Where is the pencil? It is on the table. | ? . |
| Read this book. It is very interesting. | . . |
) it , , . - , , ..
| Peter gave Mary a book. She took it. | . . |
| He gave me good advice and I followed it. | , . |
2 . " ".
| What is it? - It is a tree. | ? - - . |
:
| I saw a boy in the park. It was my friend Bill. | . . |
:
| I heard a knock at the door. I thought it was my wife. | . , . |
| Explain it, please. | () , . |
3 . .
) it , , , , , , ..
It is cold. It is dark. It is raining. It is snowing. . . . .; It was winter. .
, :
What day of the week is it? ?
It s Saturday. It s the 12th of February. = It s February 12th. . 12 .
It s 10 oclock. .
It is two miles to the station. .
:
It s too late. .
) it , , (-ing ) : :
| It is dark to read. | . |
| It was useless trying to see him. | . |
| Its hard to know what he is really thinking. | , . . |
) . :
| Itis known | |
| Itis reported that the plane landed. | , . |
4 it is (was) who/that ( ). it ( ), .
| Itwas he who did it. | . |
| Itis here that we meet every Sunday. | . |
:
| It s wonderful! | ! |
| It s great! It s super! | ! ! |
| It s no use. It s no good. | . |
| It doesnt matter. | . . |
