.. , ..
, ,
.
.. , ..
, ,
2011
517.37
22.161.1
96
-
:
. ., ..., ..
- , . ..
.
.., ..
96 , : . . : - , 2011 - 207.
, , . , .
, , .
517.37
22.161.1
, 2011
.. , .. , 2011
1. | |
1.1 | |
1.2 | |
1.3 | |
1.4 | |
1.5 | |
1.6 | |
1.7 | |
1.8 | |
1.9 | |
1.10 | |
1.11 | |
1.12 | |
1.13 | |
2. | |
2.1 , | |
2.2 | |
2.3 | |
2.4 | |
2.5 | |
2.6 | |
2.7 | |
2.8 | |
2.9 | |
2.9.1 | |
2.10 | |
2.11 | |
2.12 | |
2.13 | |
3. | |
3.1 ( ) | |
3.2 II ( ) | |
3.2.1 | |
3.2.2 | |
3.2.3 | |
3.3 | |
3.4 II | |
3.5 | |
3.6 | |
4. | |
4.1 | |
4.2 I | |
4.3 II | |
4.4 II | |
4.4.1 I II | |
4.5 | |
4.5.1 | |
4.6 | |
4.6.1 | |
4.7 | |
1. | |
2. | |
3. | |
|
|
1
1.1
, () ( ).
, ( 1.1):
1) z = f (x,y), f(x,y) D ;
2) , OZ;
3) D.
V .
D n Di (i= 1,2,...,n), DSi (i= 1,2,...,n).
Di (xi; hi) Vi = f (xi; hi) DSi (i = 1,2,...,n).
hi = f(xi; hi) Di,
Vn = S Vi = S f (xi; hi) DSi " ", .
. : .
n , , Di , Vn, , , :
|
|
(1.1)
.
1.2
z = f(x,y), D, ( ).
D n () () Di (i=1,2,...,n) ( ) .
DS1, DS2,..., DSn. Di
(xi; hi) : .
f(x,y) D.
, , .
n D Di, , d(Di) .
, s , D Di; (xi; hi) .
I :
. (1.2)
1.2.1
d(Di) 0 s , f(x,y), D,
.
f(x,y) D.
,
.
dS .
, , , , D f(x,y) f(x,y) D:
. (1.3)
, .
dS = dxdy, .. .
, D , , .
DS DD.
dS = dxdy.
òò ò .
1.2.1
s, 1) D 2) f(x,y), d(Di)0. 1) D, 2) (xi; hi) .
.
1.3
, .
( ) .
1. D .
:
= =
= = .
.
2. :
.
( ).
3. D 2 D1 DII , f(x,y) D, :
|
|
f(x,y) D, f(x,y) ( ) . , s, L DI DII D Di, i = 1,2,...,n.
D DI DII. s D, :
,
,
, DI DII , f(x,y) DI D II.
s, S, S d(Di)0, , , (*) , .
4. f(x,y) j(x,y) D ,
f (x,y) £ j (x,y), (x,y)ÎD
( , !!)
i
("i = 1,2,...,n) f (xi, h i) £ j (xi, hi).
.
(Di) 0, .
5. f(x,y) D, f(x,y)
ï ï £ ô f (x,y)ô dS.
, .
,
-ï f (x,y) ï £ï f (x,y)ï £ï f (x,y)ï,
- , .
, - £ £ , ô ô£ .
6.
f(x,y) D
m £ f (x,y) £ M, (x,y) Î D,
,
m
f(x,y) D;
S D.
m £ f(xi, hi) £ M, "i = 1, 2,..., n. DSi i = 1 i = n:
.
, .
7.
S;
.
m £ m £ M.
D (x, h), f (x, h) = m:
.
, f(, ) D S, (x, h),
.
1.4
() , .. .
, , , - D, z = f (x,y).
" " .
, = = b.
|
|
. 1.5
, , = 0, 0 Î[ a,b], , , S(x0) ( S(x) , Î[ a,b]).
, , V
. (1.4)
z = f(x,y) ³ 0, , Oz, - D ( D ).
y2 = 2(x) ANB;
1 = 1(x) AB.
MPQN z = f (x0,y), Î[ 1,y2 ]. ,
.
= 0 , Î[ a, b]
, (1.5)
1() 2 () ; .
(4),
. (1.6)
, (1.6), () f(x,y) D.
:
. (1.7)
(1.6) (1.7),
(1.8)
, 1) , , 2) ; 1 () 2() , - b.
, Oxz, , ,
. (1.9)
, ; 1 () 2() ( ), [ c,d ], d, ( z ( F).
(1.8) (1.9),
. (1.10)
, ( z).
(1.8) (1.9) , D " "("") ( ).
, 1) f (x,y) 2) D.
(1.8) (1.9) , D (.. D , , , 2 .)
D , , , D1,D2,D3 (.1.7).
, 3 , D .
D: £ £ b, c £ y £ d (.. , ), , .
, , b, d. , d, b.
, ; ( ).
, , , , .
1.4. 1
( (1.8) (1.9)), D = 2.
. (1.8) (.. , , = 0 b = 1, ).
|
|
, : 0 1 , , .
D = 2, D = .
.
:
.
. (1.9).
, , , Î [0,1] ( 0 1 D).
, , [0,1] . , .
D = , D , .
:
1.4.2
D: - 1 £ £ 1, 0 £ £ 2 (.. )
. 1.11
1.4.3
=? D: = , = 2, = 1.
+1 £ £ 2 = 1/ = .
: D.
, 1 2 , . D = 1/, = . .
, 1.4.3 (.. (1.9)) , .. 2- .
, D , , , , - = .
(.. , , D = ).