, , , , . , , : , , .
(1997), , . : , , . :
. . , .
. , . , . . , , , . , . . (. ).
(1997) : ... , , . , :
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ;
6) ;
7) ;
8) .
( ) .
, . , , . 3.1.
3.1.
| 1018 | 1 () = 1018 | ||
| 1015 | 1 () = 1015 | ||
| 1012 | () | 1 () = 1012 | |
| 109 | (G) | 1 () = 109 () | |
| 106 | () | 1 () = 106 () | |
| 103 | (k) | 1 () = 103 () | |
| 102 | (h) | 1 () = 100 | |
| 101 | (da) | 1 () = 10 | |
| : | |||
| 10-1 | (d) | ; 1 = 0,1 | |
| 10-2 | () | ; 1 = 0,01 | |
| 10-3 | (m) | ; 1 = 0,001 | |
| 10-6 | () | ; 1 () = 10-6 | |
| 10-9 | (n) | ; 1 () = 10-9 | |
| 10-12 | (p) | ; 1 () = 10-12 |
|
|
|
: 1 = 102 = 103 ; 1 = 103 ; 1 = 10
(S): 1 2 = 100 ; 1 = 10000 2; 1 2 = 100 2
(V): 1 3 = 1000 3; 1 3 = 1 ; 1 3 () = 1000 3 (); 1 = 159
(m): 1 = 103 = 106 = 109 ; 1 () = 100
(r): 1 /3 = 1 /3 = 1 /3
: m = r V; V = m/ r; r = m/V
= pR2. = 2pR. p 3,14
= (4/3)pR3. = pR2h
:
= 1,00 /3 = 1000 /3
= 0,92 /3 = 920 /3
1,0 1,4 /3
, .
1. , . (, ) . , 1 1 . = 1000 /3.
( ): m =.........................................................
. (V) (S) 1 (h) 1 :
V = S ∙ h
S = 1 = 10.000 2; h = 1 = 0,001 ; V ( ) = 10000 2 ∙ 0,001 = 10 3; (m) = r ∙ V = 1000 /3 ∙ 10 3 = 10.000 = 10 .
. 10.000 = 10 .
2. , . (m) (S) 10 . () (h) = 50 ; (r ) = 0,25 /3.
. (V.) 10 :
V. = S ∙ h
10 = 100.000 2, 50 = 0,5 ,
V. = 100 000 2 ∙ 0,5 = 50 000 3.
/3: 0,25 /3 = 0,25 ∙ 10-6 /10-6 3 = 0,25 /3
: m = r ∙ V. = 0,25 /3 ∙ 50 000 3 = 12500 .
3. . , . : 0,05 2 . 400 . , 200,0 /3. (., ) .
|
|
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. 1 2 = 103 ∙ 103 = 106 2. 400 = 0,4 . 0,05 2 : 0,05 ∙ 106 2 ∙ 0,4 = 2 ∙ 104 3 = 2 ∙ 107 3.
= 200 /3 = 0,2 /3 = 2 ∙10-4 /3 = 2 ∙10-7 /3. . = 2 ∙10-7 /3 ∙ 2 ∙ 107 3 = 4,0 .
. 4,0 .
4. 10 500 . , . , , . (r) = 0,25 /3.
. (V) = 10 ∙ 500 = 5000 ; (m): m = r ∙ V; (r = 1,0 /3; V = 5000 = 5000 3);
m = 1,0 /3 ∙ 5000 3 = 5000 .
, (m): m = r ∙ V = 5000 .
(V) = 5000 /0,25 /3 = 20.000 3 = 20 3 = 20 .
. .
5. , (. 4). . (Z Z Z ) ?
. , (m). m = r ∙ V = 5000 . = 5000 /0,92 /3 = 5435 3; 17,6 17,6 17,6 = 5452 3.
. Z 17,6 .
6. , . , () , . , L = 62,8 m = 4,0 .
. , , (r.) (r = 1,0 /3).
: r = m /V. (V) = (4/3)pR3. L = 2pR = 62,8 , R = 62,8 /2p 10,0 . V = (4/3) ∙ p ∙ (10)3 4186,7 3.
r 4000 /4186,73 0,96 /3, . .
. 0,96 /3, .
7. :
10 / = /2; =?
. 10 = 107 ; 1 = 104 2. = 107 /104 2 = 103 /2 = 1000 /2.
: = 1000 /2.
200 /2 = /; =?
. 200 = 2 ∙ 10-4 ; 1 2 = 10-4 . = 2 ∙ 10-4 /10-4 = 2,0 /.
: = 2,0 /.
500 /3 = /; =?
. 500 = 5 ∙ 105 ; 1 3 = 103 . = 5 ∙ 105 /103 = 500 /.
: = 500 /.
