.


:




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PQ?

, , : V1 QRS -- rSR';


, . , , : R V5; . . PQ , -.

12 -?

. - 1- ( PR > 200 mc) -. - 2- I PQ QRS; -. , -.

- 2- II QRS; PR . -. -, . QRS .

- (-), . - QRS; . - QRS. QRS , .

- -?

. - - - .


- , . P QRS . , - - , , - .

?

, . . , , - 1- 2- . , . PQ (- 1- ) . -.

, ?

- 1- , . . - ( -). .

?

, . , , -. - (: 60-125 mc). -


HV-. - (: 35-55 mc). HV > 100 mc, - ; , , .

?

. . , . 24-48 ( ), -, 12- , . , . , Pic- . HV > 100 mc, . HV 60-100 mc, !, - ( ) .

?

:

-;

:

( , );

- 2- II;

-;

( );

.


, - .

?

: -, , -. , ( - - ) / . - (- ). , . ST , , . -, -. , -- .

. , - . . , - -.

, . ( ): . , () , "demand" ( ). , , ( < 2 -


). , ; , , , , .

?

, ( 20-30 % ). - , . PQ , - ( 150-200 mc).

?

- . , , , , - (. 20-17). VVI DDD ( ).

?

, "demand ", , ( 72/) ( ); . QRS (100 % ). , . .

, , .


, ( -, ). , , . . , .

?

, , . , : , , , . , ( , , ), . -, ( ) , .

- , , ,


.

?

FiO2 100 %. . , . , . . . (, ). , - , .

(, ) . ; - , , , . - ( -


20-17.

      -  
= = V = D = ,   = = V = d = h ,   = T = I = d = h ,   = = P = P = M = S = = d = h , R = , 1  

1 . . .


) , .

?

- . -, . / .

?

, , . 5 0,5 mc , 100 % . , 100 % (: -


, ). 0,8 , 1,5 . 250-1000 5 . > 6 > 2 .

Brown D. L. Risk and Outcome in Anesthesia, 2nd ed. Lippincott, 1992.

Braunwald E. Heart Disease, 4th ed. Saunders, 1992.

Goldman L. Cardiac risk in noncardiac surgery: an update. Anesth. Analg., 1995; 80: 810.

Hensley F. A., Martin D. E. A Practical Approach to Cardiac Anesthesia, 2nd ed. Little, Brown, 1995.

Kaplan J. A. Cardiac Anesthesia, 3rd ed. Saunders, 1993.

Lynch C. Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Lippincott, 1994.

Mangano D. T. Preoperative Cardiac Assessment. Lippincott, 1990.

Wood M., Wood A. J. J. Drugs and Anesthesia: Pharmacology for the Anesthesiologist, 2nd ed. Williams & Wilkins, 1990.


 


 


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