.. , .. , ..
519 (075.8)
32.973.3
20
:
.. .
, .. .
20 .., .., .. . : , 2014. .
, , . 030900
ISBN 978-5-94672-308-4
ã . ., .., .. 2014.
ã , 2014.
1.
: | 1. | ; |
2. | . |
:
.
, M={x, y, z}. ( ), .. {x, y, z}={y, x, z}
:
- , , - .
, M = {x2Î N; x } .
- , . .
, :
M={xÎN: x=1+2n, nÎN}
. () , , . : = ìü |
| ||||
() , , ( ). : =îþ |
| ||||
, , , . : = ½ = \ |
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U , U½A. : = U½ = | |||||
= îþ | ìü . : = D : n(îþ)= n()+ n() - n(∩). , : |
|
n(îþîþ)= n()+n()+n()-n(∩)-n(∩)-n(∩)-n(∩∩)
n(Z) Z, .. .
1. : = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
: D = îþ = ìü.
D= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9}, = {1, 3, 5}.