. L.. (3)
V. = . L..
V. , , , , .
(. 9.3 9.4). , , n.
9.3 9.4
: ; : () .
W .
m = α/W ; m` = α/b.
α b . , , , , .
- , . , . , , ( >0.25 ) (), ( = 0.0150.25 ). - .
, ; . , , , . .
: , , , 10-15 % 1.2-1.3 .
|
|
. , , .
, . , ( 30%) (15-20%). , - .
. . 0.5- 1.5 . .
. , . ()
= W,
, , / ( = 1.52.5; = 34; = 56).
25%.
.
: , , , - . , , .
.
9.5 :
1-21 .
(. 9.5, ) = 25-75 . >25 . (, ), , (, ) ., W b, ; n 3.
, , .
, , (. 9.5, ). 1-2 . , , .
() 20-30% ( , 9.5, ), ( , . 9.5, , ). - .
|
|
(. 9.5, ), , .
, (. 9.6). 1: 2. , , (0.60.8) ℓ . (), , .
9.6
:
, 2 ; 1- ; 2 ;
3
10 ( )
(q q) V, .
(. . .)
d () . .
W = 53 dc , (10.1)
, 1, 1.1; 1.2; ∆ - , / 3; - , /3; ( 79/21).
. . . m 1.2
W` = W (1.6- 0.5m). (10.2)
(10.1) (10.2) = 1.1; = 1; ∆ = 0.9 /3,
W` =[30d (3 m)]/ . (10.3)
. . .
W = tgα + , (10.4)
, ; α , ; , ; = 3 .
(10.3) (10.4), , :
D = ( tgα +C) /[30(3-m)]. (10.5)
, , , , , , , . . . (W).
, W d. , W
W = d (10.6)
W = (40-45) d,
W = (35-40) d W = (25-35) d.
W m. m = 1.1-1.2, m = 1-1.1 m = 0.85-1. m, , ( ) . m = 2-4 , .
|
|
. . . W>W, ( m 0.6), . . . . , , , .
= m W; b , b 0.85 .
, .