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9




(. 9.1) , . , , , , 1 .

9.1 ; 9.2

R d 1 2

L () , ℓ :

L = /sin + ℓ.

, .

. ( = 0)

. 60 85; <60 . , β = α, α , , , , , , , 5-7%.

()

ℓ = (10-15) d,

d , .

, , . ℓ>15d. , .

, . , .

, ℓ () , . ℓ .

ℓ =(20-35) d.

, . , , , 50 .

()

ℓ = Lc - ℓ (0.60.85) Lc (0,651,0) .

ℓ, (. 9.2). , .. (...) ℓ.... () (/):

=7.85d2c∆,

∆ - , /3.

∆ 0.9 1 /3, ∆ = 1.4 1.6 /3 .

, , .

(. 9.2). , - , , .

9.2 : ; ; ; 1 2 ; 3 ; 4 .

, , , . 65-75% ; . . . ( ) .

, 20-30%. (0.150.40) ℓ; . .





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