, , ( . 1), ( ) - : , , () , , . .
, , , .
, : , ; ; , . .
. 75-90 % . .
, - . .
U £ 0,8 U , , , .
. 1. : - - ; - , ; rk , lk - , ; Gn - ; Z, Z, Z - ; , , - , ; GA. G, G - ; - |
Z c |
Z |
Z |
Gn |
C |
G |
C |
G |
G |
r k |
l k |
K |
R |
, ( ) ( .).
, (. . 2). , . 1000 1000 .
|
|
. 2. . , I - |
C B A |
I |
I |
I |
I |
U |
U |
= ¥ , (. 3), . . . ( ) . . . , 6, 10 35 30, 20 10 . (. . 4), , , .
, (, , ), , , . . , . . . 20 %.
U = - U |
I = I + I + I = 0 |
C |
C |
I |
I |
I |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U a |
I = I |
I = I |
= 0 |
I |
I |
I |
. 3. : ; . |
, , . , , , .
|
|
. 4. . (U = - U ). |
I ' + I ' = - I |
I |
I |
-Ica |
U |
U |
U |
U |
U¢ |
U¢c |
U |
- I |
U |
- I |
I¢ |
0¢ |
I ¢ |
U |
I |