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autumn fall

centre of the city downtown .. (. 3)

, , , . , homely , , , .

, . , it went like a bomb , . , (, it bombed) , .

, I as happy as a clam in high waters (: , ), - "I'm as happy as a lark high up in the sky" (: " "). , , , , ( . 3).

, , , (. 3).

, , () , , Webster's Nnational Dictionary, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English language .

, , , , .

. , , , .

:

1. Present Perfect Past Simple (Indefinite):

They just left They have just left. The President addressed the nation The President has addressed the nation ( , , last week)

2. Past Simple Past Perfect:

After he came home back home he ate dinner ( After he had come...)

3. :

He said he is feeling bad. She thought it is Monday today.

4. , , :

then asked for another appointment.

5. "Complex Object":

He ordered the money [ to be ] withdrawn immediately. .

6. that so that, :

We invited him so [that] he could see it for himself. , . , .

so .

7. , ; - .

:

on the street (U.S.) in the street (UK)

fill ut a form (U.S.) fill in a form (UK)

be oriented at (U.S.) be oriented to (UK)

on weekends (U.S.) at weekends (UK)

do over (U.S.) do up (UK)

I start my vacation Friday I start my holiday on Friday

home at home

a quarter of five a quarter to five

to chat with somebody to chat to somebody -

different from something different to something -

:

one thing or the other (U.S.) one or other thing (UK)

go to the hospital (U.S.) go to hospital (UK)

in the hospital (U.S.) in hospital (UK)

all morning (U.S.) all the morning (UK)

8. , :

Gotten (U.S.) got (UK)

proved and proven (U.S.) proved (UK)

stricken (U.S.) struck (UK)

learned (U.S.) learnt (UK)

smelled (U.S.) smelt (UK)

, , (. 3).

1. , , . .

places:


passage intersection

cross-roads hall

pillar box the movies

mail-box the cinema

flyover sidewalk

pavement overpass

tube, underground apartment

elevator tram

flat subway

surgery doctors office

streetcar lift

objects:

rubber rubber band

tap eraser

flashlight torch

parcel shopping bag

faucet elastic

carrier bag package

food:

candy tin

sweets can

crackers sweet biscuit

dry biscuit cookie

chips ground beef

French fries minced meat

personal items:

turn- ups raincoat

tights run/in a stocking/

cuffs mackintosh

ladder pantyhose

turtleneck braces

polo neck vest

waistcoat suspenders

people:

barrister faculty

staff /university/ lawyer

guy post-graduate

chap, fellow graduate

caretaker patrolman

janitor constable

shop assistant cop

bobby shop person

cars:

boot fenders

bumpers trunk

a car, an auto

rent a car hire a car


 

2. , :

1. Could you change a ten-dollar bill?

2. Several cars went off the rail.

3. We could stay at a downtown hotel.

4. That is where the smart money is.

5. He did his best to hold up his treachery plans.

6. They saw a car accident right near the intersection.

7. The police found a great number of clippings thrown over the place.

8. We tend to believe every word that physicians tell us.

9. Garbage had covered the first floor of the dilapidated house.

10. The apartments in the neighborhood were luxurious.

11. Mark was a smart guy. He decided to hold up the truth.

12. We were on vocation and did not know anything.

13. The mother did not want to loan him her car for the weekend.

14. There were lots of trucks on the highway last week.

15. Do not drive on the sidewalks.

16. They ran out of gas and could not move any further.

17. A drink after war will let him up.

18. Where is the leaking faucet?

19. How did he manage to figure it out?

20. She preferred to travel by subway train.

 

3. .

Differences in the organization of education lead to different terms. BE public school is in fact a private school. It is a fee-paying school not controlled by the local education authorities. AE public school is a free local authority school. BE elementary school is AE grade school BE secondary school is AE high school. In BE a pupil leaves a secondary school, in AE a student graduates from a high school In BE you can graduate from a university or college of education, graduating entails getting a degree.

A British university student takes three years known as the first, the second and the third years. An American student takes four years, known as freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years. While studying a British student takes a main and subsidiary subjects. An American student majors in a subject and also takes electives. A British student specializes in one main subject, with one subsidiary to get his honours degree. An American student earns credits for successfully completing a number of courses in studies, and has to reach the total of 36 credits to receive a degree.

 

, , , . .

1. . , , ; , , .

2. , , .

3. , . .

, ( ) , , . ( , , , , , , .) :

1) , , , , , , ., . , 13.IX.1973 . , , , , , , , , . , , , , - . , , , , , ., : Pushkin, Dostoevski, Moscow, Kiev, the Crimea . . , , , , , , , , , , . , (, , ).

2) . , , , , (. , , , , ; , muffin, haggis, toffee, butter-scotch, sundae .), (. , , , ), (. , ; , pop-gocs-the-weasel), (. ; , limericks) .. , (., . , , , , ; , primaries, caucus, lobbyist . .), (. , ; ./. drugstore, grill-room, drive-in) .

3) , . , - ( ) ( ) . , , : , , ( ) I shall come back in twenty-four (forty-eight) hours, , , day and night, , They worked four days and nights. , , , . , glimpse, exposure ( : , , , ) .

, . .

, , . , ,

"" (realis , ), .

, , , , .

"" , , , "". , , , , , ..

:

1. , , drugstore (AE), the chemist's (BE)

2. , . clover leaf (AE)

3. . hot dog (AE) , soda fountain (AE) -

4. . cuckoo's call ( , , - )

, , ; -, , .

. 1) , 2) , , . , .. , .

:

1) ; , , , ,

2) ; , ,

3) ;

4) . , , , , , ,

, , ( ), - . "" (, ), , .

( , cowboy) , (), ()

Rouble roubles

( , hippie) , : , , , , .

. , . .

1. , . . , . . ( ) - .

, . , , .

, . , , , , , : cable ( , ), restitution , embargo . .

2. , . , , , , , . , , .

, , , , () , , ().

. , , , , , , , ; .

, ( ), , (, , ) ; / , , , () , , , .

:

1. , .. .

Soviet, sputnik, kolkhoz; , , , , , , , (), , , ,

2. ().

Lincoln Ford

3. -

) ( ) ;

Red Army Man Victory Day May Day ; . skyscraper

) () , ; Decembrist

4. , .

( , ):

) - ( , );

, , , , , , ,

) - ( -, , - . -, , , , , ,

- ( ) , . , , );

-

,

5., , ( , : , , ).

, , . kerosene, bor(t)sch, ataman, vodka, muzhik, samovar, subotnih

1. :


1. ale

2. whisky

3. MP Member of Parliament

4. the White House

5. Tory

6. Sir

7. skinheads

8. franc

9. the Kremlin

10. silver screen

11. equinox

12. Red Army men

13. barrel

14. official family

15. squatter

16. stars and stripes


2. . .


1. shock-worker; udarnik

2. five-year plan

3. wall-newspaper

4. Leninist subotnik

5. foot

6. mile

7. kilometre

8. 1000 rouble note /

9. 10 pound note /

10. rangers ,

11. prairie

12. avocado ,

13. apple-pie order

14. corn

15. checks and balances

16. dollar diplomacy

17. big wig ,

18. war-horse


 

3. (1520) .

4. . :


Arabesque,

anode,

cathode,

quantity of information,

redundancy,

feedback,

frame,

quantum,

cyclotron,

bionics,

microfilm,

supersonic,

sedative,

aptitude,

duel personality,

mental abilities,

maintenance and operation instructions,

customs duty,

cash delivery,

deflation,

devaluation,

loan capital,

zero option,

poverty line,

draft resolution

defendant


 

5. (15-20) , .

6. - :

a) , , .


1. hyenas laugh

2. jackals howl

3. bears growl

4. bees hum, buzz

5. lambs bleat

6. birds sing, twitter

7. lions growl, roar

8. camels grunt

9. mice squeak

10. monkeys chatter, gibber

11. nightingales sing, warble

12. owls hoot, screech, scream

13. cows low

14. oxen low, bellow

15. pigeons coo

16. dogs yelp, bark,

17. crows caw whine

18. pigs grunt, squeal

19. rabbits squeak

20. ducks quack

21. seagulls scream

22. sheep bleat

23. flies buzz

24. snakes hiss

25. frogs croak

26. geese cackle, hiss

27. goats bleat

28. tigers growl, roar

29. hens cluck, cackle

30. wolves howl


 

b) , .

1. A beetle was droning overhead.

2. The farmers bull suddenly bellowed when we came up to the house.

3. The cat was lying and purring contentedly on my lap.

4. We were watching larks warbling in the sky.

5. All is quiet only magpies are chattering in the trees.

6. I was woken up by a cock crowing early in the morning.

7. Some people hate the chirping of crickets.

8. She has never heard donkeys bray.

9. The dog let out a yelp as I trod on its paw.

10. Suddenly I was scared by the elephant trumpeting right into my ear.

11. The swans cried mournfully as they flew in the grey sky.

12. The male turkey was gobbling along the village path.

13. I came up to the horse and it neighed, as if warning me.

14. We heard a loud snorting behind the terrace.

15. The horse whinnied with pleasure.

7. . , . :

1. WHATS IN A NAME?

The way in which British surnames have developed is very complicated. Before the Normans arrived, the use of surnames was not really known. Many English surnames were originally counseled with a persons job Charles Baker, Margaret Thatcher, someones size Jack long, Mary Little, or a family relationship Robin Williamson (Robin, son of William), Peter Richardson.

The most common Welch surnames were originally Christian names in some form. Welshmen living in England are also often called by the nickname Taffy. This may come from the River Taff, which runs through the capital Cardiff, or it may come from Dafydd, the Welch form of David.

 

2. BOXING DAY

This is the day after Christmas, the feast of Stephen, when good King Wenceslaus looked out and saw a poor man gathering wood on a bitterly cold night. The well known carol tells how he and his page set out to take gifts to the poor peasant.

At one time the alms boxes in church were opened on 26th December. The money collected over the year was shared out among the poor of the parish and so St. Stephens Day became known as Boxing day.





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