autumn fall
centre of the city downtown .. (. 3)
, , , . , homely , , , .
, . , it went like a bomb , . , (, it bombed) , .
, I as happy as a clam in high waters (: , ), - "I'm as happy as a lark high up in the sky" (: " "). , , , , ( . 3).
, , , (. 3).
, , () , , Webster's Nnational Dictionary, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English language .
, , , , .
. , , , .
:
1. Present Perfect Past Simple (Indefinite):
They just left They have just left. The President addressed the nation The President has addressed the nation ( , , last week)
2. Past Simple Past Perfect:
After he came home back home he ate dinner ( After he had come...)
3. :
He said he is feeling bad. She thought it is Monday today.
4. , , :
then asked for another appointment.
5. "Complex Object":
He ordered the money [ to be ] withdrawn immediately. .
6. that so that, :
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We invited him so [that] he could see it for himself. , . , .
so .
7. , ; - .
:
on the street (U.S.) in the street (UK)
fill ut a form (U.S.) fill in a form (UK)
be oriented at (U.S.) be oriented to (UK)
on weekends (U.S.) at weekends (UK)
do over (U.S.) do up (UK)
I start my vacation Friday I start my holiday on Friday
home at home
a quarter of five a quarter to five
to chat with somebody to chat to somebody -
different from something different to something -
:
one thing or the other (U.S.) one or other thing (UK)
go to the hospital (U.S.) go to hospital (UK)
in the hospital (U.S.) in hospital (UK)
all morning (U.S.) all the morning (UK)
8. , :
Gotten (U.S.) got (UK)
proved and proven (U.S.) proved (UK)
stricken (U.S.) struck (UK)
learned (U.S.) learnt (UK)
smelled (U.S.) smelt (UK)
, , (. 3).
1. , , . .
places:
passage intersection
cross-roads hall
pillar box the movies
mail-box the cinema
flyover sidewalk
pavement overpass
tube, underground apartment
elevator tram
flat subway
surgery doctors office
streetcar lift
objects:
rubber rubber band
tap eraser
flashlight torch
parcel shopping bag
faucet elastic
carrier bag package
food:
candy tin
sweets can
crackers sweet biscuit
dry biscuit cookie
chips ground beef
French fries minced meat
personal items:
turn- ups raincoat
tights run/in a stocking/
cuffs mackintosh
ladder pantyhose
turtleneck braces
polo neck vest
waistcoat suspenders
people:
barrister faculty
staff /university/ lawyer
guy post-graduate
chap, fellow graduate
caretaker patrolman
janitor constable
shop assistant cop
bobby shop person
cars:
boot fenders
bumpers trunk
a car, an auto
rent a car hire a car
2. , :
1. Could you change a ten-dollar bill?
2. Several cars went off the rail.
3. We could stay at a downtown hotel.
4. That is where the smart money is.
5. He did his best to hold up his treachery plans.
6. They saw a car accident right near the intersection.
7. The police found a great number of clippings thrown over the place.
8. We tend to believe every word that physicians tell us.
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9. Garbage had covered the first floor of the dilapidated house.
10. The apartments in the neighborhood were luxurious.
11. Mark was a smart guy. He decided to hold up the truth.
12. We were on vocation and did not know anything.
13. The mother did not want to loan him her car for the weekend.
14. There were lots of trucks on the highway last week.
15. Do not drive on the sidewalks.
16. They ran out of gas and could not move any further.
17. A drink after war will let him up.
18. Where is the leaking faucet?
19. How did he manage to figure it out?
20. She preferred to travel by subway train.
3. .
Differences in the organization of education lead to different terms. BE public school is in fact a private school. It is a fee-paying school not controlled by the local education authorities. AE public school is a free local authority school. BE elementary school is AE grade school BE secondary school is AE high school. In BE a pupil leaves a secondary school, in AE a student graduates from a high school In BE you can graduate from a university or college of education, graduating entails getting a degree.
A British university student takes three years known as the first, the second and the third years. An American student takes four years, known as freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years. While studying a British student takes a main and subsidiary subjects. An American student majors in a subject and also takes electives. A British student specializes in one main subject, with one subsidiary to get his honours degree. An American student earns credits for successfully completing a number of courses in studies, and has to reach the total of 36 credits to receive a degree.
, , , . .
1. . , , ; , , .
2. , , .
3. , . .
, ( ) , , . ( , , , , , , .) :
1) , , , , , , ., . , 13.IX.1973 . , , , , , , , , . , , , , - . , , , , , ., : Pushkin, Dostoevski, Moscow, Kiev, the Crimea . . , , , , , , , , , , . , (, , ).
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2) . , , , , (. , , , , ; , muffin, haggis, toffee, butter-scotch, sundae .), (. , , , ), (. , ; , pop-gocs-the-weasel), (. ; , limericks) .. , (., . , , , , ; , primaries, caucus, lobbyist . .), (. , ; ./. drugstore, grill-room, drive-in) .
3) , . , - ( ) ( ) . , , : , , ( ) I shall come back in twenty-four (forty-eight) hours, , , day and night, , They worked four days and nights. , , , . , glimpse, exposure ( : , , , ) .
, . .
, , . , ,
"" (realis , ), .
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, , , , .
"" , , , "". , , , , , ..
:
1. , , drugstore (AE), the chemist's (BE)
2. , . clover leaf (AE)
3. . hot dog (AE) , soda fountain (AE) -
4. . cuckoo's call ( , , - )
, , ; -, , .
. 1) , 2) , , . , .. , .
:
1) ; , , , ,
2) ; , ,
3) ;
4) . , , , , , ,
, , ( ), - . "" (, ), , .
( , cowboy) , (), ()
Rouble roubles
( , hippie) , : , , , , .
. , . .
1. , . . , . . ( ) - .
, . , , .
, . , , , , , : cable ( , ), restitution , embargo . .
2. , . , , , , , . , , .
, , , , () , , ().
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. , , , , , , , ; .
, ( ), , (, , ) ; / , , , () , , , .
:
1. , .. .
Soviet, sputnik, kolkhoz; , , , , , , , (), , , ,
2. ().
Lincoln Ford
3. -
) ( ) ;
Red Army Man Victory Day May Day ; . skyscraper
) () , ; Decembrist
4. , .
( , ):
) - ( , );
, , , , , , ,
) - ( -, , - . -, , , , , ,
- ( ) , . , , );
-
,
5., , ( , : , , ).
, , . kerosene, bor(t)sch, ataman, vodka, muzhik, samovar, subotnih
1. :
1. ale
2. whisky
3. MP Member of Parliament
4. the White House
5. Tory
6. Sir
7. skinheads
8. franc
9. the Kremlin
10. silver screen
11. equinox
12. Red Army men
13. barrel
14. official family
15. squatter
16. stars and stripes
2. . .
1. shock-worker; udarnik
2. five-year plan
3. wall-newspaper
4. Leninist subotnik
5. foot
6. mile
7. kilometre
8. 1000 rouble note /
9. 10 pound note /
10. rangers ,
11. prairie
12. avocado ,
13. apple-pie order
14. corn
15. checks and balances
16. dollar diplomacy
17. big wig ,
18. war-horse
3. (1520) .
4. . :
Arabesque,
anode,
cathode,
quantity of information,
redundancy,
feedback,
frame,
quantum,
cyclotron,
bionics,
microfilm,
supersonic,
sedative,
aptitude,
duel personality,
mental abilities,
maintenance and operation instructions,
customs duty,
cash delivery,
deflation,
devaluation,
loan capital,
zero option,
poverty line,
draft resolution
defendant
5. (15-20) , .
6. - :
a) , , .
1. hyenas laugh
2. jackals howl
3. bears growl
4. bees hum, buzz
5. lambs bleat
6. birds sing, twitter
7. lions growl, roar
8. camels grunt
9. mice squeak
10. monkeys chatter, gibber
11. nightingales sing, warble
12. owls hoot, screech, scream
13. cows low
14. oxen low, bellow
15. pigeons coo
16. dogs yelp, bark,
17. crows caw whine
18. pigs grunt, squeal
19. rabbits squeak
20. ducks quack
21. seagulls scream
22. sheep bleat
23. flies buzz
24. snakes hiss
25. frogs croak
26. geese cackle, hiss
27. goats bleat
28. tigers growl, roar
29. hens cluck, cackle
30. wolves howl
b) , .
1. A beetle was droning overhead.
2. The farmers bull suddenly bellowed when we came up to the house.
3. The cat was lying and purring contentedly on my lap.
4. We were watching larks warbling in the sky.
5. All is quiet only magpies are chattering in the trees.
6. I was woken up by a cock crowing early in the morning.
7. Some people hate the chirping of crickets.
8. She has never heard donkeys bray.
9. The dog let out a yelp as I trod on its paw.
10. Suddenly I was scared by the elephant trumpeting right into my ear.
11. The swans cried mournfully as they flew in the grey sky.
12. The male turkey was gobbling along the village path.
13. I came up to the horse and it neighed, as if warning me.
14. We heard a loud snorting behind the terrace.
15. The horse whinnied with pleasure.
7. . , . :
1. WHATS IN A NAME?
The way in which British surnames have developed is very complicated. Before the Normans arrived, the use of surnames was not really known. Many English surnames were originally counseled with a persons job Charles Baker, Margaret Thatcher, someones size Jack long, Mary Little, or a family relationship Robin Williamson (Robin, son of William), Peter Richardson.
The most common Welch surnames were originally Christian names in some form. Welshmen living in England are also often called by the nickname Taffy. This may come from the River Taff, which runs through the capital Cardiff, or it may come from Dafydd, the Welch form of David.
2. BOXING DAY
This is the day after Christmas, the feast of Stephen, when good King Wenceslaus looked out and saw a poor man gathering wood on a bitterly cold night. The well known carol tells how he and his page set out to take gifts to the poor peasant.
At one time the alms boxes in church were opened on 26th December. The money collected over the year was shared out among the poor of the parish and so St. Stephens Day became known as Boxing day.