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, . ,




́ ́ ́ + OH− , . , , :

H2O + H2O ↔ H3O+ + OH− H2O ↔ H+ + OH−

. :

:

[H+] ();

[OH−] -;

[H2O] ( ) ;

, , (1000 /)/(18 /) = 55,56 /.

25 C 1,810−16/. (1) : K[H2O] = K = 1,810−16 /55,56 / = 10−14/ = [H+][OH−] ( 25 C).

K, -, . , . C , , K, .

, () ( [H+] [OH−]) [OH−] [H+]. , , (pH) (pOH).

K , ( H+), - OH− . [H+] = [OH−] = /. [H+] > 10−7 / (, [OH−] < 10−7 /) ; [OH−] > 10−7 / (, [H+] < 10−7 /) .

.

:

2 + + -, :22 3+ + -

25 : , 55,55 / ( 1000 /, 1 1000 , 1000:18/=55,55 , =55,55 : 1 = 55,55 /).

(25), KW:

, - , 100 10-13.

25 :

[H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 / , , . , , 10-7 /, , , 10-14. . , , , . , [H+] = 10-3 /, [OH-] = KW/[H+] = 10-14/10-3 = 10-11 /, , [OH-] = 10-2 /, [H+] = KW/[OH-] = 10-14/10-2 = 10-12 /. , .

, . : = - lg[H+]

: = - lg[OH-]

, , + = 14

7 - , 7 - , , . p 7 , , . , , -. - .

, , , - . .

, - , . , - -. . , , -. , .

 





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