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_______________

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_______________ 2012 .

 

 

060101

()

 

 


 

1. ............................................................................................................. 3

2. .................................. 18

3. ............................................. 37

4. ................................................................................... 41

5. ⅅ 49

6. .............................................................................................. 65

 

 


I.

( )

:

 

1. MARY SPEAKS ENGLISH, BUT.....

1) speaks Bill.

2) does Bill.

3) Bill speaks.

4) Bill does not.

 

2. DO YOU DRAW OR SING?.....

1) Im drawing and singing.

2) I do draw and singing.

3) I draw and sing.

4) I drawing and singing.

 

3. KENS BEHIND MARY. MARYS..... KEN.

1) in front of

2) between

3) beside

4) next

 

4. WHAT..... ON SATURDAY?

1) does John usually do

2) usually does John

3) John usually does

4) does John usually

 

5. THEY TOLD..... NEXT WEEK.

1) him coming back

2) him to come back

3) to him come back

4) he could come back

 

6. MONDAY IS THE FIRST DAY.

1) Tuesday is the fourth.

2) The second is Tuesday.

3) The second is Thursday.

4) Thursday is the fourth.

 

7. .

1) Look at my garden, Susan!

2) Look my garden, Susan!

3) Susan looks my garden.

4) Susan is look at my garden.

 

8. WHOSE IS THIS HOUSE? ITS.....

1) our

2) ours

3) our one

4) ours one

 

9. ARE THE BICYCLES IN THE GARAGE? NO, THERE..... IN THE GARAGE.

1) is anything

2) isnt nothing

3) isnt something

4) is nothing

 

11. WHY HAVE YOU..... TO ME?

1) come

2) came

3) gone

4) went

 

12. LAST SUNDAY..... THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE ON THE BEACH.

1) it was

2) there was

3) there were

4) they were

 

13. NANCY WORKS IN A SHOP AND.....

1) Alan does not

2) does Alan

3) Alan do

4) Alan not

 

14. .

1) Was the big car expensive?

2) Was the expensive car big?

3) Was expensive the big car?

4) Was the expensive a big car?

 

15. IN THE FUTURE SCIENTISTS..... A LOT OF MONEY, HIS PARENTS SAID.

1) shall earn

2) will earn

3) going to earn

4) are earning

 

16. THEY SPENT A LOT OF TIME..... AT THE PICTURES IN THE MUSEUM.

1) looking

2) for looking

3) to look

4) to looking

 

17. ALTHOUGH OUR OPINIONS ON MANY THINGS....., WERE GOOD FRIENDS.

1) differ

2) oppose

3) disagree

4) divide

 

18. IT CAN BE A GOOD IDEA FOR PEOPLE WHO LEAD AN ACTIVE LIFE TO INCREASE THEIR..... OF VITAMINS.

1) upturn

2) input

3) upkeep

4) intake

 

19. THE TIMES OF ENGLISH MEALS ARE VERY STRANGE IM NOT USED..... DINNER AT 6 P.M.

1) to have

2) to having

3) having

4) have

 

20. MY MOTHER..... ME TO BECOME A PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALLER.

1) not want

2) wasnt wanted

3) didnt want

4) didnt want that

 

21. IF IT..... THIS WEEKEND, ILL STAY HOME AND WATCH TV.

1) rains

2) will rain

3) rain

4) rained

 

22. I..... TO THE DISCO LAST NIGHT.

1) not go

2) dont go

3) didnt went

4) didnt go

 

23. I ARRIVED IN ENGLAND......

1) for 3 days ago

2) 3 days

3) 3 days ago

4) ago 3 days

 

24. WE..... USE MOBILE PHONES AT SCHOOL.

1) arent allowed

2) dont allowed

3) dont allowed to

4) arent allowed to

 

25. HELLO! MY..... JANE.

1) name its

2) name

3) names

4) names is

 

26. THEY..... ENGLISH.

1) are

2) am

3) is

4) s

 

27. THE MAGAZINE IS..... THE FLOOR.

1) in

2) on

3) at

4) down

 

28. MY FRIEND..... ICE CREAM.

1) like

2) he likes

3) do like

4) likes

 

29. WHEN..... GO TO SCHOOL?

1) do you

2) are you

3) you

4) you going

 

30. WHATS HE DOING?..... THE TV.

1) He watch

2) He watching

3) He is watching

4) He is watch

 

31. CAN SHE SPEAK GERMAN? NO,.....

1) she not

2) she cant

3) cannot

4) she is not

 

32. HE..... BE A DOCTOR.

1) want

2) want to

3) will to

4) wants to

 

33. LOOK AT..... BEAUTIFUL GIRL.

1) those

2) that

3) these

4) they

 

34. JOHN......

1) likes very much swimming

2) likes swimming very much

3) is liking very much swimming

4) likes to swimming very much

 

35. YOU..... IN THE COLLEGE.

1) must not smoke

2) must not to smoke

3) must not smoking

4) must smoke not

 

36. MY FATHER IS..... THAN MY MOTHER.

1) shorter

2) short

3) shortest

4) more shorter

 

37. THIS WAS THE..... DAY OF MY LIFE.

1) goodest

2) best

3) more good

4) most good

 

38. HAMLET IS..... THAN BUFFY.

1) less interesting

2) least interesting

3) less interest

4) less interestinger

 

39. PRESIDENT OF THE USA..... TO LONDON LAST WEEK.

1) have come

2) was

3) came

4) was come

 

40. SHE..... UNIVERSITY LAST YEAR.

1) entered

2) was entered

3) enter

4) entering

 

41. JOAN..... ALONG THE STREET WHEN SHE SAW HER FRIEND.

1) walking

2) was walking

3) s walking

4) walks

 

42. WE HAD..... HOLIDAY IN ENGLAND. IT WAS REALLY HOT.

1) such a nice

2) so nice

3) a so nice

4) a such nice

 

43. IF IT..... TOMORROW, I WILL STAY AT HOME

1) will rain

2) rains

3) rain

4) raining

 

44. HE LOOKED..... AT ME.

1) angrily

2) angry

3) hungry

4) anger

 

45. WE HAVE COME TO ENGLAND..... STUDY ENGLISH

1) for

2) to

3) for to

4) too

 

46. I WENT TO PARIS IN MAY. I..... THERE FOR MORE THAN THREE YEARS.

1) hadnt been

2) wasnt been

3) didnt go

4) did not been

 

47. ID LIKE..... CUP OF COFFEE, BUT THE MACHINE ISNT WORKING.

1) one

2) the

3) an

4) a

 

48. THE GIRL IS SITTING..... TO HER MOTHER

1) next

2) aside

3) beside

4) across

 

49. AT 9.00 AM THEY WENT..... SCHOOL.

1) in

2) to

3) at

4) onto

 

50. ..... DID YOU ARRIVE IN ENGLAND? BY PLANE

1) How

2) Why

3) When

4) What

 

51. WHERES TINA? I HAVENT SEEN..... FOR AGES.

1) she

2) it

3) her

4) hers

 

52. THERE IS..... OF WINE IN THE BOTTLE.

1) much

2) many

3) a lot

4) few

 

53. MIKE HAS 20 DOLLARS, PAUL HAS 15 DOLLARS. PAUL IS POORER MIKE.

1) than

2) like

3) as

4) for

 

54. THIS IS..... QUESTION IN THE EXAM.

1) the easiest

2) the more easy

3) the easy

4) as easy as

 

55. BE QUIET! IM TRYING TO..... THE RADIO.

1) listen

2) listen to

3) hearing to

4) listening

 

56. LOOK AT THAT BABY! THE BABY......

1) is walk

2) is waking

3) walk

4) will walk

 

57. WHEN I WENT ABROAD I..... TAKE MY PASSPORT.

1) have to

2) must have

3) had to

4) must

 

58. THE BOYS HURT..... PLAYING FOOTBALL.

1) themself

2) their selves

3) themselves

4) himself

 

59. HE IS A GOOD GUITARIST, BUT HE PLAYS THE PIANO......

1) quiet well

2) much better

3) very good

4) too hardly

 

60. HE IS..... KIND. HE DROVE ME HOME.

1) such as

2) so

3) such

4) much

 

61. WHERE..... ON SUNDAYS?

1) do you go

2) does you go

3) you goes

4) you does go

 

62. MY BROTHER WAS..... ALL WEEK.

1) at the home

2) in the home

3) at home

4) in home

 

63. WHEN....., GIVE HER THIS BOOK.

1) Alison will arrive

2) Alison arrive

3) is Alison arriving

4) Alison arrives

 

64...... LOVELY FOOD!

1) What

2) Which a

3) Which

4) What a

 

65. WE WERE IN THE STATION FOR AT LEAST HALF AN HOUR, WAITING..... START.

1) for the train

2) the train to

3) the train's

4) for the train to

 

66. HIS DAUGHTER IS......

1) as old as yours

2) as old as your one

3) so old as yours

4) so old as your one

 

67. WE TALKED ABOUT A LOT OF THINGS..... THE WAY TO THE OFFICE.

1) through

2) on

3) by

4) in

 

68. WE..... MY COUSIN SINCE LAST CHRISTMAS.

1) aren't seeing

2) haven't seen

3) didn't see

4) don't see

 

69. WHY HAVE YOU..... TO ME?

1) gone

2) came

3) come

4) went

 

70. THE BABY IS CRYING! WILL YOU..... WHILE I PREPARE HIS MILK?

1) make him up

2) tear him up

3) care him

4) look after him

 

71. HE WAS..... TIRED TO GO ON.

1) too

2) too much

3) so much

4) so

 

72. HE ASKED ME..... STAY.

1) how long was I going to

2) how long I was going to

3) how long time I was going to

4) how long time was I going to

 

73. I WORK..... I CAN.

1) as hardly as

2) so hardly as

3) so hard as

4) as hard as

 

74. HE GOT A JOB IN A FURNITURE.....

1) industry

2) factory

3) society

4) fabric

 

75...... YOU GIVE ME A ROOM FOR THE NIGHT?" I ASKED, ON ARRIVING AT THE HOTEL.

1) Should

2) Might

3) Can

4) May

 

76. HAVE YOU EVER..... YOUR LEG?

1) break

2) broke

3) broken

4) been broken

 

77. YOU DIDN'T FORGET TO CALL YOUR MOTHER,.....?

1) did you

2) didn't you

3) do you

4) will you.

 

78. THE PERSON WHO GIVES INFORMATION TO THE PRESS FOR A COMPANY IS A ________.

1) economist

2) supervisor

3) public relations officer

4) receptionist

 

79. ______ LIBERATED THE PATIENT FROM THE PAIN OF SURGERY AND ENABLED THE SURGEON TO PERFORM MORE EXTENSIVE OPERATIONS.

1) Immunity

2) Antibiotics

3) Anabolics

4) Anaesthesia

 

80. ______ IS A SUBSTANCE INTENDED FOR USE IN THE DIAGNOSIS, CURE, TREATMENT, OR PREVENTION OF DISEASE.

1) tissue

2) component

3) matter

4) drug

 

81. CABLE TV AND WORK DESK WITH ______ TELEPHONE LINES ARE AVAILABLE IN EACH ROOM.

1) modernization

2) modernist

3) modernized

4) modernism

 

82. THERE IS A NEW FILM ON, BUT I HAVEN'T SEEN _____ YET.

1) its

2) him

3) he

4) it

 

83. IF YOU USE PICTURES YOUR REPORT WILL BE MUCH ______.

1) interesting

2) the most interesting

3) more interesting

4) most interesting

 

84. JEFF COMES FROM A SMALL TOWN IN ______ TEXAS.

1)

2) the

3) an

4) a

 

85. WHEN I CAME ______ HOME, IT WAS RAINING CATS AND DOGS.

1) in

2) at

3)

4) to

 

86. THIS RULE IS ______ DIFFICULT ______ THE ONE YOU'VE ALREADY LEARNT.

1) either/or

2) not so/ as

3) neither nor

4) both/ and

 

87. ARE YOU GOING SHOPPING TONIGHT?

NO. I ______ YESTERDAY.

1) had went

2) had gone

3) had been going

4) went

 

88. I ______ COME TO YOUR PARTY TOMORROW. I'M GOING TO PREPARE FOR MY EXAM.

1) shouldn't

2) mustn't

3) cant

4) needn't

 

89. BEING ABLE TO USE A COMPUTER IS AN IMPORTANT ______ NOWADAYS.

1) license

2) degree

3) qualification

4) skill

 

90. THE CONTRACTION AND EXPANSION OF THE ______ ARE CONTROLLED BY VASOMOTOR NERVES.

1) blood vessels

2) bladder

3) cells

4) pupils

 

91. ______ IS LOCALISED PHYSICAL SUFFERING ASSOCIATED WITH BODILY DISORDER.

1) Nervousness

2) Sleepiness

3) Pain

4) Delirium

 

92. MY ALARM CLOCK DIDN'T GO OFF, AND SO I ______ THIS MORNING.

1) underslept

2) overslept

3) outslept

4) reslept

 

93. ______ CITY IS BIGGER, LONDON OR PARIS?

1) Which

2) When

3) Where

4) Who

 

94. KAREN IS THE ______ GIRL IN THE CLASS.

1) prettiest

2) much pretty

3) more pretty

4) prettier

 

95. ______ COCA-COLA IS ENJOYED ALL OVER THE WORLD.

1)

2) the

3)

4) an

 

96. ANN IS A VERY GOOD SINGER, ______ SHE IS GOING TO TAKE PART IN THE SCHOOL CONCERT.

1) because

2) that

3) although

4) that's why

 

97. YOU ______ GO ON A DIET.

1) should

2) am able to

3) has to

4) is to

 

98. DROVE SO SLOWLY THAT IT TOOK ______ THREE HOURS TO GET THERE.

1) we

2) us

3) our

4) ourselves

 

99. THIS HOUSE IS ______ OF ALL THE BUILDINGS IN THE STREET.

1) as old as

2) old

3) older than

4) the oldest

 

100. THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA IS A LONG WAY ______ ANY MAJOR CITY.

1) from

2) by

3)

4) under

 

101. MOTHER WILL COOK DINNER WHEN SHE ______ HOME FROM WORK.

1) comes

2) come

3) has come

4) will come

 

102. (N) ______ IS USUALLY MORE EXPENSIVE THAN A DICTIONARY BECAUSE IT IS IN SEVERAL VOLUMES.

1) publication

2) encyclopedia

3) journal

4) report

 

103. NEW DISCOVERIES IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND ______ OPENED THE WAY FOR MORE PRECISE DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND MORE EFFECTIVE THERAPIES.

1) gynaecology

2) psychology

3) physiology

4) anatomy

 

104. HOW DID YOU GET MY SISTER'S BOOK?

SHE GAVE IT TO ME ______!

1) myself

2) themselves

3) ourselves

4) herself

 

105. ______ BANANAS ARE A GOOD SOURCE OF ENERGY.

1)

2) An

3) The

4)

 

106. SURGEONS TRANSPLANTED KIDNEYS, LIVERS, AND HEARTS IN ANIMALS BEFORE ATTEMPTING THESE PROCEDURES ON ______.

1) monkeys

2) clones

3) rats

4) patients

 

107. ______ IS THE FLUID WHICH CIRCULATES IN THE HEART, ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, AND VEINS OF A VERTEBRATE ANIMAL.

1) Saliva

2) Water

3) Urine

4) Blood

 

108. SINKING OF THE TITANIC WAS THE ______ DISASTER OF THAT TIME.

1) more large

2) largest

3) large

4) larger

 

109. I LOVE TENNIS ______ I LIKE SWIMMING TOO.

1) for

2) as

3) if

4) but

 

110. I WANT YOU ______ ME SOME INFORMATION.

1) gives

2) give

3) to give

4) giving

 

111. CHRIS IS TRYING TO ______ SMOKING.

1) give from

2) give out

4) give down

4) give up

 

112. I ______ SWIM WHEN I WAS A BOY OF 6.

1) might

2) may

3) can

4) could

 

113. ______ IS A DISORDERED, WEAKENED, OR UNSOUND CONDITION.

1) Hydrophobia

2) Sickness

3) Hysteria

4) Tetanus

 

114. TRADITIONAL HOMES HAVE BEEN ______ BY BIG BLOCKS OF APARTMENTS.

1) place

2) replaced

3) displaceable

4) placement

 

115. MARY ALWAYS ______ MY CHILDREN WHEN I'M AWAY.

1) looks for

2) looks at

3) looks after

4) looks up

 

116. ______ I SPEAK TO JANE, PLEASE?

1) Must

2) Need

3) Ought

4) Can

 

117. HER CURRENT INTEREST WAS ______ AND DEVELOPMENT, BUT SHE HAS CHANGED FIELDS.

1) resistance

2) research

3) residence

4) reputation

 

118. I GOT SOME GOOD ______ IN MY CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT THIS TERM.

1) exams

2) grants

3) marks

4) notes

 

119. DID YOU MAKE YOUR ______ BY PHONE OR BY FAX?

1) reservation

2) transition

3) institution

4) impression

 

120. ______ CONSISTS OF LONG CELLS THAT CONTRACT WHEN STIMULATED AND PRODUCE MOTION.

1) hand

2) body

3) rib

4) muscle

 

 

II.

( )

:

 

1. HE (HAS JUST REMOVED) THE TONSILS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

2. WHAT DO YOU (COMPLAIN OF)?

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

3. MY SISTER (HAD A HIGH TEMPERATURE).

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

4. MY BROTHER (WANTS TO BECOME) A DOCTOR.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

5. GENERAL MEASURES (INCLUDE) REST AND SUPPORT OF BREATHING.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

6. MY FATHER (WORKS) AS A THERAPEUTIST AT THE POLYCLINIC.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

7. I (WENT) TO THE DOCTOR TWO WEEKS AGO.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

8. WHY DOES THIS GIRL (LOOK) SO PALE AND ILL?

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

9. SHE (REFUSED) TO TAKE CARE OF THE CHILD

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

10. ALL KINDS OF MEDICAL AID IN RUSSIA (ARE RENDERED) IN DIFFERENT CLINICS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

11. PREVENTIVE MEDICINE (IS) A LARGE COMPONENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

12. MY FRIEND ALWAYS (HELPED) ME TO LEARN BIOLOGY WHEN WE WERE FIRST YEAR STUDENTS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

13. IN THE NEAREST FUTURE (WELL BECOME) DOCTORS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

14. PROFESSOR PETROV (HAS ALREADY DELIVERED) THE LECTURE IN PHYSIOLOGY.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

15. IN THE STUDENTS SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY STUDENTS (WORK) ON THOSE SUBJECTS WHICH THEY ARE INTERESTED IN.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

16. THE TEMPERATURE USUALLY (REACHES) ITS MAXIMUM IN THE FIRST THREE DAYS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

17. THE OPERATION (WAS PERFORMED) BY THE BEST SURGEONS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

18. A LARGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN (ARE ADMITTED) TO THE HOSPITAL EVERY YEAR.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

19. I (HAVE BEEN COUGHING) FOR A MONTH.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

20. THIS DISEASE (AFFECTS) MOSTLY CHILDREN.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

21. YOU (MUST) GIVE UP SMOKING.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

22. SHE (CONTINUES) TO COMPLAIN OF PAIN.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

23. THE DOCTOR (WROTE OUT) A PRESCRIPTION FOR PENICILLIN INJECTIONS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

24. THE PATIENT (HAD TO GIVE UP) GOING IN FOR SPORTS BECAUSE OF THE DISEASE OF THE JOINTS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

25. NOW THE SURGEON (IS PERFORMING) AN OPERATION ON THE GALL-BLADDER.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

26. LEAVING THE HOSPITAL WITHOUT THE DOCTORS ORDER (IS IMPOSSIBLE).

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

27. THE PATIENT (COMPLAINED) OF A HEADACHE.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

28. YESTERDAY THE SURGEON (PERFORMED) A VERY COMPLICATED OPERATION ON HEART.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

29. WHERE IS DOCTOR N. NOW? - HE (IS EXAMINING) THE PATIENT.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

30. THE ASSISTANTS (HAVE ALREADY PREPARED) EVERYTHING FOR THE OPERATION.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

31. THE PATIENT (COMPLAINS) OF A SLIGHT PAIN IN THE LEFT SHOULDER.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

32. THE CHILDREN (ARE SLEEPING) NOW.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

33. THE BOY (WILL BE ADMITTED) TO THE HOSPITAL TOMORROW.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

34. THE PROFESSOR (WILL EXAMINE) HIM TOMORROW.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

35. TEETH (SHOULD BE) CLEANED TWICE A DAY: IN THE MORNING AND IN THE EVENING.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

36. THE STUDENTS (MUST) WORK HARD DURING THE WHOLE TERM.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

37. YOU (SHOULD) FOLLOW BED REGIMEN.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

38. THE CHILD (MUST) BE ISOLATED FROM OTHER CHILDREN.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

39. HIS TEMPERATURE IS HIGH. HE (CANNOT) GO TO SCHOOL TODAY.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

40. PATIENT IVANOV (MUST) KEEP THE BED FOR ONE OR TWO WEEKS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

41. PATIENTS (ARE NOT ALLOWED) TO TAKE THE MEDICINES THEMSELVES.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

42. (THE MOST WIDESPREAD) DISEASE IN WINTER IS FLU.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

43. THE DOCTORS MUST BE (MORE RESPONSIBLE) FOR THEIR WORK THAN THE PEOPLE OF OTHER PROFESSIONS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

44. YESTERDAY I HAD (MORE SEVERE) PAINS THAN NOW.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

45. OXFORD IS (THE OLDEST) UNIVERSITY IN ENGLAND

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

46. THE PATIENT LOOKS (MUCH BETTER) TODAY.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

47. IT IS (THE BIGGEST) HOSPITAL IN OUR TOWN.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

48. (HAVING MADE) AN INJECTION OF ANALGETIC THE DOCTOR PUT THE PLASTER.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

49. IN CASE OF COMPLICATIONS ANTIBIOTICS (ARE USED).

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

50. THE GIRL (EXAMINING) THE PATIENT IS MY STUDENT.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

51. A PERSON (ENTERING) MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HAS TO PASS EXAMINATIONS IN BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

52. THE (DELIVERED) LECTURE WAS VERY INTERESTING.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

53. (EXAMINING) THE PATIENT THE DOCTOR LISTENED TO HIS HEART.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

54. THE PAIN (LASTING) FOR FIVE TO TEN MINUTES USUALLY BEGAN IN THE MORNING.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

55. THE DATA (OBTAINED) BY THE SCIENTIST WERE VERY USEFUL.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

56. NEXT YEAR THE SECOND-YEAR STUDENTS (WILL ATTEND) LECTURES IN PSYCHOLOGY.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

57. FOOD AND DRINK (ARE BROKEN DOWN) INTO THEIR SMALLEST PARTS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

58. WASTES PRODUCTS (ARE ELIMINATED) BY EXCRETORY ORGANS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

59. THE BLOOD (IS CLEANED) IN THE KIDNEYS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

60. (THE PATIENT IS LIKELY TO BE AT HOME.)

1) .

2) , .

3) .

4) , .

 

61. I (DIDNT THINK) HE WAS AT HOME.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

62. (ILL SEE) YOUR SISTER ON TUESDAY AFTERNOON.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

63. AFTER SURGERY PATIENTS (ARE IN NEED) OF EXCELLENT CARE.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

64. THE PATIENT (SHOULD) BE PLACED IN A POSITION OF COMFORT AND SAFETY.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

65. HOW MANY PATIENTS (DO YOU HAVE) IN YOUR IN-PATIENT DEPARTMENT?

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

66. I (DONT HAVE TO) BE ON DUTY TOMORROW.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

67. MOTHER (WILL COME) TO SEE US IN THE EVENING.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

68. I (KNEW) THAT THE WOMAN WAS WAITING FOR HER HUSBAND

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

69. TOMORROW THE CHILD (WILL BE DISCHARGED) FROM THE CLINIC.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

70. AT THE AGE OF TWENTY HE (WAS ILL) WITH PNEUMONIA.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

71. THE DISEASE (IS OFTEN ACCOMPANIED) BY SEVERE COMPLICATIONS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

72. THIS DRUG (MAY) HAVE SOME SIDE EFFECTS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

73. THIS DISEASE IS (MORE DANGEROUS) FOR ADULTS THAN FOR CHILDREN.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

74. (HAVING BEEN DISCHARGED) FROM THE HOSPITAL, HE WENT TO THE OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

75. THE MEDICAL EDUCATION (HAS BEEN) A SUBJECT OF INTENSIVE DEBATES IN RECENT YEARS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

76. IF THE THESIS IS SATISFACTORY ON ALL POINTS THE CANDIDATE (WILL BE AWARDED) THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF SCIENCE.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

77. MY MUM HAS GASTRIC ULCER. SHE (IS) IN THE HOSPITAL NOW.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

78. EVERY MOTHER (CARES) FOR HER CHILDREN.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

79. WHEN I CAME TO MY FRIEND YESTERDAY SHE (WAS LEARNING) BIOLOGY.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

80. THE PATIENT (HASNT SLEPT) SINCE EARLY MORNING.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

81. YESTERDAY HE (FINISHED) HIS EXPERIMENT EARLIER THAN TODAY.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

82. WHAT ANALYSIS (IS THE NURSE MAKING) NOW? - THE NURSE IS MAKING BLOOD ANALYSIS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

83. HE (HAD TO KEEP) THE BED.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

84. THE STUDENTS (ARE TRANSLATING) AN ENGLISH TEXT NOW.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

85. THE WARD (WAS CLEANED) YESTERDAY.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

86. THE SURGEONS (TESTED) A NEW DEVICE TWO DAYS AGO.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

87. WHOSE SCALPEL IS THIS? ITS (MINE).

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

88. I (SHOULD CONSULT) AN OCULIST.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

89. THERE IS (LITTLE) FRESH AIR IN THE ROOM.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

90. DO YOU (HAVE) A HEADACHE?

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

91. AIDS IS (THE MOST DANGEROUS) DISEASE.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

92. MY CONDITION WAS NOT VERY BAD AND I WAS (BETTER) IN TWO WEEKS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

93. THE RASH (COMPLETELY) DISAPPEARED.

1)

2) -

3)

4)

 

94. THE PATIENT (LOST CONSCIOUSNESS).

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

95. A PERSON ENTERING MEDICAL UNIVERSITY (HAS TO) BE PATIENT AND VERY KIND.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

96. EXAMINING THE PATIENT THE DOCTOR (LISTENED) TO HIS HEART AND LUNGS.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

97. THE LOCAL PHYSICIAN (HAS JUST COME).

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

98. THE RASH COMPLETELY (DISAPPEARED).

1) c

2)

3)

4)

 

99. THESE METHODS (ARE BASED) ON HIS SCIENTIFIC WORK.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

100. HEART (WAS BEATING) VERY FAST.

1)

2)

3)

4)

.

 

101. SOME MINUTES AFTER ADMISSION THE PATIENT ( ).

1) was operating on

2) were operating on

3) was operated n

4) operated on

 

102. H DOCTOR () PRESCRIPTION FOR PENICILLIN INJECTIONS.

1) was writing out

2) writed out

3) write out

4) wrote out

 

103. CANCER ALREADY () BEYOND THE STOMACH.

1) is spread

2) has spreading

3) was spreading

4) has spread

 

104. THE PATIENT ( ) TO THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT BECAUSE HIS CONDITION BECAME BAD.

1) was transfer

2) were transferred

3) was transferring

4) was transferred

 

105. THE DOCTOR ON DUTY () THE ROUND OF WARDS EVERY MORNING.

1) makes

2) has made

3) is making

4) make

 

106. THE LUNGS () IN THE PNEUMONIC PROCESS.

1) are involving

2) involve

3) involved

4) are involved

 

107. I () THE UNIVERSITY TWO YEARS AGO.

1) was entering

2) enter

3) entered

4) was entered

 

108. H B ( ) TOMORROW.

1) will hospitalize

2) will hospitalized

3) will be hospitalize

4) will b hospitalized

 

109. WHAT DOES PALPATION ()?

1) reveal

2) will reveal

3) revealed

4) reveals

 

110. THE CAUSE OF YOUR PROBLEM () YOUR LEFT KIDNEY.

1) is

2) am

3) are

4) be

 

111. YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE () HIGH.

1) remains

2) remained

3) remain

4) remaining

 

112. COSMETIC SURGERY () YOU BEAUTIFUL.

1) shall make

2) shall makes

3) will make

4) will made

 

113. THE SUCCESS OF THE SURGERY () IN PART ON THE SKILL OF THE SURGEON.

1) depended

2) depends

3) will depend

4) is depending

 

114. I WOULD LIKE TO ( ).

1) make an appointment

2) make a cup of tea

3) make a mistake

4) make ones bed

 

115. WHEN WAS HE () TO A HOSPITAL?

1) admitted

2) treated

3) sent

4) returned

 

116. WHEN WAS HE () FROM THE HOSPITAL?

1) suffer

2) operated

3) discharged

4) admitted

:

 

117. POOR BLOOD CIRCULATION (CAN) LEAD TO CHEST PAIN.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

118. THE WOMAN (COULD NOT) UNDERSTAND HOW IT HAPPENED.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

119. THE PATIENT (CANT) BARE TOBACCO SMOKE.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

120. THE PROBLEM (CAN) BE DICUSSED.

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

121. THERE (MAY) BE DIFFERENT FORMS OF DYSENTERY.

1)

2)

3)

4)

122. YOU () TAKE AN ASPIRIN.

1) could

2) can

3) must

4) should

 

123. THE PATIENT ( ) GO TO THE OPERATING ROOM HIMSELF, HE IS VERY WEAK.

1) could not

2) cannot

3) may not

4) must not

 

124. THERE () BE TOXIC REACTIONS.

1) may

2) must

3) might

4) could

:

 

125. CALL FOR AN AMBULANCE IF H FEELS ().

1) better

2) badly

3) worst

4) worse

 

126. ( ) COMPLICATION OF MEASLES IS ENCEPHALITIS.

1) one of dangerous

2) more dangerous

3) very dangerous

4) the most dangerous

 

127. YOU MUST COME TO THE LECTURE () THAN PROFESSOR COMES.

1) earlier

2) more early

3) earliest

4) early

 

128. THE FEVER BECAME ().

1) high

2) highest

3) higher

4) more high

 

129. IT IS ( ) HOSPITAL IN OUR TOWN.

1) big

2) bigger

3) the biggest

4) very big

 

130. THE EXAMINATION IN ANATOMY IS ( ) IN THE FIRST YEAR.

1) more difficult

2) difficult

3) the difficultest

4) the most difficult

 

131. INFECTION IS PROBABLY ( ) CAUSE OF ILLNESS.

1) the most frequent

2) frequent

3) more frequent

4) less frequent

 

132. WHEN YOU ARE PHYSICALLY FIT, YOU HAVE () ENERGY.

1) many

2) the most

3) more

4) less

 

133. ANTIBIOTICS KILL THE WEAK BACTERIA BUT ALLOW STRONG ONES TO SURVIVE AND ( ).

1) do stronger

2) get stronger.

3) is getting stronger

4) gets stronger

 

134. I HAVE TOLD HIM SIX TIMES TO TAKE () MEDICINE.

1) the best

2) better

3) worse

4) more

 

:

 

135. THE DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP () A SPECIAL HEALING POWER FOR THE PATIENT.

1) provides

2) takes

3) chooses

4) prevents

 

136. WE HAVE POLYCLINICS FOR THE () POPULATION AND FOR CHILDREN.

1) adult

2) ill

3) tired

4) old

 

137. THE AMBULANCE CAN GIVE () SURGICAL AND THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT.

1) qualified

2) dental

3) starting

4) emergency

 

138. THE WORKING DAY OF A DISTRICT DOCTOR CONSISTS OF 3 HOURS OF ( ) AND 3 HOURS OF VISITING PATIENTS IN THEIR HOMES.

1) lecture

2) rest

3) reading

4) consultation

 

139. THE () OF THE DISEASE IS KNOWN.

1) condition

2) cause

3) signs

4) attack

 

140. THE HEART IS THE MAIN ORGAN OF (- ).

1) respiratory system

2) cardiovascular system

3) skeleton

4) digestive system

 

141. THE HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM IN RUSSIA () IN 1991.

1) started

2) came

3) understood

4) felt

 

142. THE OLD PENSIONER HAD () PNEUMONIA.

1) unilateral

2) clear

3) lobular

4) bilateral

 

143. IN CASE OF PNEUMONIA X-RAY EXAMINATION () A SHADOWING.

1) notices

2) shows

3) radiates

4) suffers

 

144. REMISSION IS THE ABSENCE OF ALL () OF DISEASE.

1) signs

2) cells

3) stages

4) swellings

 

145. A VARIETY OF () MAY OCCUR WITH SCARLET FEVER

1) inflammations

2) complications

3) difficulties

4) symptoms

 

146. SOMETIMES THE PAIN MAY EXTEND IN THE ( ) SIMULATING ACUTE APPENDICITIS.

1) stomach

2) chest

3) lung

4) abdomen

 

147. YOU SHOULD DO THESE EXERCISES THREE TIMES A DAY, PREFERABLY ON AN EMPTY ().

1) throat

2) stomach

3) lungs

4) intestine

 

148. THE PATIENT COULDN'T ( ).

1) have symptoms

2) exaggerate symptoms

3) describe symptoms

4) understand symptoms

 

149. THE PATIENT COMPLAINED OF HIGH ( ).

1) loss of blood

2) bleeding

3) constipation

4) blood pressure

 

150. AFTER HE ( ) HE BEGAN PLAYING FOOTBALL AGAIN.

1) completely recovered

2) had completely recovered

3) was completely recovered

4) was completely recovering


III. .

( )

 

1. GREAT BRITAIN CONSISTS OF _________.

1) five parts

2) three parts

3) four parts

4) two parts

 

2. LONDON IS SITUATED ON _________.

1) the Severn

2) the Hudson River

3) the Thames

4) the Mississippi

 

3. THE QUEEN ELISABETH LIVES IN _________.

1) Buckingham Palace

2) 10 Downing Street

3) Tower of London

4) Westminster Abby

 

4. THE OLDEST UNIVERSITY IN BRITAIN IS _________.

1) London

2) Cambridge

3) Edinburgh

4) Oxford

 

5. 10 DOWNING STREET IS THE OFFICIAL RESIDENCE OF _________.

1) The Prime Minister

2) Royal family

3) Parliament

4) Scotland Yard

 

6. THE USA CONSISTS OF 50 _________.

1) states

2) counties

3) republics

4) districts

 

7. B. SHAW IS A FAMOUS ___________ WRITER.

1) American

2) Australian

3) English

4) Canadian

 

8. THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IS SITUATED IN _________.

1) Washington

2) London

3) Oxford

4) Boston

 

9. THE NEW YORK UNDERGROUND IS CALLED _________.

1) the tube

2) the downland

3) the metro

4) the subway

 

10. THE STATUE OF LIBERTY STANDS ON AN ISLAND IN _________ HARBOUR.

1) Washington

2) New York

3) Philadelphia

4) Boston

 

11. CHARLES DICKENS WAS A FAMOUS_________ WRITER.

1) American

2) English

3) Australian

4) Canadian

 

12. THE CAPITAL OF ENGLAND IS _________.

1) London

2) Ottawa

3) Paris

4) Edinburgh

 

13. AMERICAN NATIVE PEOPLE ARE _________.

1) British

2) French

3) Americans

4) Indians

 

14. BILL GATES IS A FOUNDER OF _________.

1) The Metropolitan Museum

2) the largest automobile corporation

3) The Microsoft Corporation

4) the first entertainment theme park

 

15. THE TELEPHONE WAS INVENTED BY _________

1) Isaac Newton

2) Alexander Bell

3) Michael Faraday

4) James Watt

 

16. THE BRITISH LIBRARY IS SITUATED IN _________.

1) Cardiff

2) London

3) Oxford

4) Cambridge

 

17. SALINGER IS AN __________ WRITER.

1) English

2) Canadian

3) Australian

4) American

 

18. THE TOWER OF LONDON WAS ONCE A PRISON AND NOW IT IS A _________

1) concert hall

2) theatre

3) museum

4) cinema

 

19. JEROME K. JEROME WROTE HIS FAMOUS BOOK _________

1) The School for Scandal

2) Pygmalion

3) Three Men in a Boat

4) The Pick Club

 

20. JACK LONDON WAS A FAMOUS _________ WRITER.

1) Canadian

2) English

3) Australian

4) American

 

21. _________ IS THE HIGHEST LEGISLATIVE BODY/ORGAN IN BRITAIN

1) the Congress

2) the Government

3) the Parliament

4) the Capitol

 

22. THE ROYAL SHAKESPEARE THEATRE WAS OPENED IN _________ IN 1932

1) London

2) Coventry

3) Stratford on - Avon

4) Oxford

 

23. BRITAIN IS A _________

1) monarchy

2) federal republic

3) parliamentary monarchy

4) republic

 

24. _________ IS THE HIGHEST LEGISLATIVE BODY/ORGAN IN THE USA

1) the Government

2) the Capitol

3) the Congress

4) the Parliament

 

25. ________ IS THE SEAT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1) the Parliament building

2) the Capitol

3) the White House

4) the Empire State building

 

26. ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL IS THE CITYS GREATEST MONUMENT AND SIR CHRISTOPHER WRENS MASTERPIECE. IT IS SITUATED IN _________

1) Manchester

2) London

3) Oxford

4) Cardiff

 

27. ________ IS THE CAPITAL OF CANADA.

1) London

2) Canberra

3) Ottawa

4) Washington, D.C.

 

28. THE USA IS A _________

1) republic

2) federal republic

3) monarchy

4) parliamentary monarchy

 

29. CANADIAN'S NATIVE PEOPLE ARE __________.

1) Indians

2) British

3) French

4) Americans

 

30. QUEENS ELISABETH SONS NAME IS __________.

1) CHARLES

2) EDWARD

3) PHILIP

4) ANDREW

 

 


 

IV.

.

( )

 

 

1. SPLEEN

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

2. TO TREAT

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

3. FEVER

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

4. INTESTINE

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

5. WEAKNESS

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

6. LIVER

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

7. TONGUE

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

8. BRAIN

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

9. HEART

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

10. LUNG

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

11. TO PRESCRIBE

1)

2)

3)

4)

 

12. DOCUMENTATION IS IMPORTANT TO PROVIDE RELIABLE INFORMATION FOR (- )

1) medico-legal examinations

2) -ray examination

3) lab examination

4) physical examination

 

13. BELIEF IS SEVENTY PER CENT OF ANY ().

1) hypertension

2) treatment.

3) illness

4) temperature

 

14. THE ORGANISMS THAT () MOST PNEUMONIAS ARE ALREADY PRESENT IN THE ENVIRONMENT.

1) clean

2) cause

3) cure

4) reduce

 

15. AS WE GET OLDER, LARGE NUMBERS OF BRAIN CELLS ().

1) die

2) restore

3) appear

4) continue

 

16. SWIMMING IS ALSO GOOD FOR DEVELOPING () IN YOUR MUSCLES.

1) oxygen

2) endurance

3) tenderness

4) flexibility

 

17. FATS FUEL THE BODY AND HELP TO () SOME VITAMINS.

1) break down

2) produce

3) absorb

4) protect

 

18. ALZHEIMERS DISEASE DAMAGES THE BRAIN, DESTROYING ().

1) eyesight

2) speech

3) walking

4) memory

 

19. () STIMULATION KEEPS YOUR MEMORY GOOD.

1) mental

2) physical

3) learning

4) psychological

 

20. PEOPLE WHO ARE BORN () TO FEEL PAIN ARE UNLUCKY.

1) able

2) dependent

3) unable

4) strong

 

21. I () MAKE QUICK DECISIONS.

1) have

2) have to

3) has

4) need

 

22. THE GIRL SLIPPED ON ICE AND HURT HER ().

1) leg

2) knee

3) ankle

4) toe

 

23. YOU HAVE HURT YOUR ().

1) hand

2) wrist

3) shoulder

4) elbow

 

24. THE HEART IS A () AS BIG AS YOUR FIST IN THE CENTER OF YOUR CHEST.

1) tissue

2) vessels

3) muscle

4) cells

 

25. THE OLD LADY LOST A LOT OF BLOOD AND NEEDED A ( ).

1) operation

2) dressing

3) injection

4) transfusion

 

26. YOU HAVE TO DO EVERYTHING NECESSARY TO PREVENT AND CONTROL ().

1) virus

2) disease

3) infection

4) injection

 

27. THE SKELETON USUALLY () OF 206 BONES.

1) consists

2) demands

3) forms

4) describes

 

28. THE STRUCTURE OF THE () IS UNIQUE.

1) brain

2) skull

3) bone

4) teeth

 

29. BODYS MAIN SUPPORT IS THE ().

1) leg

2) hand

3) vertebral column

4) head

 

30. THERE ARE 12 PAIRS OF ().

1) ribs

2) thorax

3) ribcage

4) function

 

31. THE SHOULDER CONSISTS OF TWO BONES: COLLAR-BONE AND ().

1) arm

2) shoulder blade

3) wrist

4) waist

 

32. WHERE BONES MEET THEY USUALLY FORM A ().

1) tissue

2) cell

3) joint

4) knee

 

33. THERE ARE 27 BONES IN THE ().

1) leg

2) hand

3) head

4) finger

 

34. THE LEGS MUST BOTH () THE BODYS WEIGHT AND CARRY IT IN MOTION.

1) support

2) relax

3) form

4) consist

 

35. THE HEART, A UNIQUE KIND OF () ALSO HAS AUTOMATIC CONTROLS.

1) nerves

2) muscle

3) blood

4) bundles

 

36. THE MUSCLES OF THE BODY MAY BE DESCRIBED ACCORDING TO THEIR SHAPE, (), OR ACTION.

1) movement

2) size

3) location

4) color

 

37. THE THORACIC MUSCLES CONTROL () AND MOVEMENT OF THE ARM AND SHOULDER.

1) breathing

2) bleeding

3) appearance

4) contraction

 

38. THE () IS THE BODYS MOST FLEXIBLE JOINT.

1) chest

2) shoulder

3) forearm

4) leg

 

39. THE () SYSTEM HAS TWO COMPONENTS.

1) reproductive

2) urinary

3) digestive

4) nervous

 

40. THE () IS CONCERNED WITH BALANCE AND MUSCULAR COORDINATION.

1) cerebellum

2) fluid

3) receptors

4) brain

 

41. THE ( ) RELAYS INFORMATION BETWEEN THE BRAIN AND BODY.

1) spinal cord

2) nerves

3) body

4) head

 

42. THE () IS IN FRONT PART OF THE SKULL.

1) ear

2) eye

3) arm

4) back

 

43. THE () HELPS THE BODY TO MAINTAIN ITS SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM.

1) foot

2) toe

3) ear

4) head

 

44. THERE ARE () IN THE BODY.

1) hormones

2) glands

3) signal

4) functions

 

45. WHAT () MUST BE TAKEN IN CASE OF A HEART ATTACK?

1) members

2) methods

3) membranes

4) measures

 

46. I THINK IT IS FUNCTIONAL ( ).

1) incoordination

2) indigestion

3) irritation

4) introduction

 

47. () OF THE LIVER IS THE FIRST SYMPTOM IN YOUR CASE.

1) enlargement

2) environment

3) entertainment

4) employment

 

48. THE PAIN APPEARS ().

1) all over the body

2) already

3) everywhere

4) all of a sudden

 

49. YOU HAVE TO BE VERY CAREFUL WITH ().

1) medicines

2) tablets

3) prescriptions

4) instructions

 

50. WHAT DO YOU DO IF YOU HAVE ( )?

1) toothache

2) stomachache

3) headache

4) earache

 

51. THE HEAD IS CONNECTED WITH TRUNK BY ().

1) a nose

2) neck

3) a mouth

4) lips

 

52. A YOUNG DOCTOR FELL ON HIS ().

1) head

2) toe

3) back

4) eye

 

53. THE PATIENTS () HAD TO BE EXAMINED.

1) blood

2) tissue

3) sputum

4) cells

 

54. () IS THE FOUNDATION OF LIFE.

1) tissue

2) brain

3) legs

4) blood

 

55. PIROGOV WAS THE GREATEST ().

1) surgeon

2) doctor

3) scientist

4) teacher

 

56. OPEN YOUR () AND SAY AH.

1) ear

2) nose

3) mouth

4) head

 

57. YOU HAVE DISLOCATED YOUR ().

1) ankle

2) finger

3) toe

4) hand

 

58. THERE WERE NO () DAMAGES.

1) internal

2) regular

3) external

4) normal

 

59. SHE WAS FEELING () YESTERDAY.

1) well

2) unwell

3) worse

4) better

 

60. THE () OF OUR BODY MAKE UP THE SKELETON.

1) bones

2) muscles

3) vessels

4) joints

 

 

 

V. .

( )

:

Text 1

PRIMITIVE MEDICINE

1. Unwritten history is not easy to interpret, and, although much may be learned from a study of the drawings, bony remains, and surgical tools of the early man, it is difficult to reconstruct his mental attitude toward the problems of disease and death. It seems probable that humans, as soon as they had reached the stage of reasoning, discovered, by the process of trial and error, which plants might be used as foods, which of them were poisonous, and which of them had some medicinal value.

2. However, the man did not at first regard death and disease as natural phenomena. Common maladies, such as colds, were accepted as part of existence, but serious and disabling diseases were placed in a very different category and were considered to be of supernatural origin.

3. One curious method of providing the disease with means of escape from the body was by making a hole, 2.5 to five centimeters across, in the skull of the victim - the practice of trepanning. Trepanned skulls of prehistoric date have been found in Britain, France and other parts of Europe and in Peru. The practice still exists among primitive people in parts of Algeria, in Melanesia, and perhaps elsewhere, though it is fast becoming extinct.

4. Magic and religion played a large part in the medicine of the prehistoric or primitive man. Administration of a vegetable drug or remedy by month was accompanied by incantations, dancing, grimaces, and all the tricks of the magician. Therefore, the first doctors, or "medicine men," were witch doctors. The use of charms and talismans, still prevalent in modern times, is of ancient origin. Apart from the treatment of wounds and broken bones, primitive physicians showed their wisdom by treating the whole person, soul as well as body. Treatments and medicines that produced no physical effects on the body could nevertheless make a patient feel better when both the medicine man and the patient believed in their efficacy. This so-called placebo effect is applicable even in modern clinical medicine.

, :

 

1. PRIMITIVE PHYSICIANS WERE VERY WISE AS THEY TREATED BOTH THE PERSON'S SOUL AND HIS BODY.

1)

2)

3)

 

2. HUMANS DISCOVERED WHICH PLANTS HAD SOME MEDICINAL VALUE BY THE PROCESS OF TRIAL AND ERROR.

1)

2)

3)

 

3. AT FIRST THE MAN REGARDED SERIO



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