1. Strategy and planning in logistics
Interrelation of corporate and logistic strategy
All decisions depending on degree of their importance for the organization share on three types:
1. Strategic decisions the most important organizations setting the general activity, have long-term impact, demand big resources and are considered as the most risky.
2. Tactical decisions are connected with strategy realization in the medium-term plan, are studied at more detailed level, demand smaller resources and are interfaced to a certain risk.
3. Operational decisions are most worked and concern kinds of activity on the near future; for their performance rather limited resources, and risk small are required.
There are some types of strategic decisions (fig. 4.1).
Mission the statement in which common goals of the organization as a whole are specified. Corporate strategy shows how the corporation which is carrying out diversified activity, plans to realize the mission. Business strategy testifies as each type of business within diversified activity will make the contribution to corporate strategy. Functional strategy describe a strategic orientation of each function (in particular, logistic), realized in the organization. Thus, strategy of higher level set the purposes and the general orientation of the organization, and functional strategy show how they can be realized.
3.
At macro logistic systems contract is basic connection between the elements.
The macrologistic system is the large control system of material streams uniting the enterprises and the organizations of the industry, and also the intermediary, trade and transport organizations for achievement of the uniform purpose. The enterprises united by macrologistic system and firms differ on the specialization, scales, form of ownership, departmental accessory, geographical placement and can even treat the different states. The macrologistic system represents a certain infrastructure of economy of the region, the country or group of the countries. In the latter case the macrologistic system solves the specific problems of legal and economic character connected with distinctions in the transport and industrial legislation, customs barriers, etc.
When forming macrologistic systems in most cases the criterion of a minimum of the joint logistic costs is predominating. However often criteria of formation of macrologistic system are defined by ecological, social, military, political and other goals.
In macrologistic systems the following problems are, as a rule, solved:
formation of intersectoral material balances;
placement in the set territories of public warehouse complexes, cargo terminals, the dispatching (logistic) centers;
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the organization of transportation and coordination of work of different types of transport in transport knots;
optimization of administrative-territorial distributive systems for multiassortment material streams, etc.
Macrologistic systems also are classified by three signs:
on an administrative-territorial sign;
on object functionally sign;
on extent of globalization of systems.
2. Logistic approach leads to regulation of material streams. These streams arise by production of these or those products; when ensuring this production with necessary materials, components and raw materials; when warehousing finished goods, its distribution and finishing to the consumer.
However such regulation can be carried out only through management of size, the direction, emergence, the termination, frequency, sequence, and also other parameters of the following streams of resources: the human; the power; the information; the financial.
These streams also are material though their physical nature differs by nature proceeding materials turning as a result of economic activity into products satisfying certain needs of end users.
