. ճ , 쳿 쳿. , . , ᒺ, , . : ᒺ , .
, (, , ) , , . : DH 
= ∑n. H 
∑n. H 
, (H ) (H ), (n). DH < 0, ( ), DH > 0, ( ).
ﳺ , 1 .
쳿: 298 , 101,325 . 
, , .
S , . DS = ∑n. S ∑n. S .
ó DG . DG < 0 , DG = 0, , DG > 0 . ó :
DGx = ∑n. 
∑n. 
.
1.
: , , , 1 /, 1 /.
ճ
1. .
2. ³ 50 (NaOH), .
3. ³ 50 (HCl).
4. , HCl .
5. . .
6. 1.
|
|
|
1
| , | ᒺ, | , 0C | (mp), | ||||
| HCl | NaO | HCl, t | NaOH, t | , tmx | Dt = tmx t | ||
7. :
7.1. , , :
Q = (mp Cp + m ) Dt, mp (), Cp , 4,184 /(), m (), 0,753 /().
_____________________
_____________________7.2. ( ),
__________________________________________7.3. 1 ( ).
____________________________________________________________________________ D = Q
7.4. ( ). +() + () = 2() ﳿ (D 
= 286,0 /; D 
= 230,2 /; D 
= 0).
__________________________________________
8. : 
: ________________________________
_____________________
1. ?
2. . ?
3. .
4. , ?
5. ?
6. ³ ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. ?
10. 3, :
23(.) + 42(.) = 25(.) + 32(.) D0 = 2360
11. : ) 6126 (.) = 225 () + 22 (.);
) 6126 (.) + 62 (.) = 62 (.) + 62 (.)
㳿?
12. , :
1) 2H4(.) + 32 (.) = 22 (.) + 22 (.); = 1323 .
2) () + 2 (.) = 2 (.); = 393,5 .
3) 2(.) + ½O2(.) = 2O(.) = 241,8 .
13. 
, 25 :
) Cu(.) + ZnO(.) = CuO(.) + Zn(.); ) N2(.) + 1/2O2(.) = N2O(.);
) 4HCl(.) + O2(.) = 2Cl2(.) + 2H2O(.); ) Fe2O3(.) + 3CO(.) = 2Fe(.) + 3CO2(.)
14. , 298: , FeO, Cu, bO, Fe2O3, Cr2O3.
2
