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:




:

































 

 

 

 





..2

...3

󅅅3

󅅅..3

...4

..4

.5

..5

, 㳿 VICKERS..6

.7

ꅅ...7

..8

 

 

, , , , . 㳿 : 璺, , , , .

 

 

.

. .

.

RSt. 37-2 (Germany) .

³ 3.

1

ճ 3

ճ %
() 0.14-0.22
(Si) 0.12-0.3
(Mn) 0.4-0.65
(Cr) 0.3
ѳ(S), 00.5
(P), 00.4
̳(Cu), 0.3
ͳ(Ni), 0.3
(As), 00.8

 

.3 , . . . , 䳿 .

.3 : , - , , . , : , , .

 

( ) . , . . ̳ :

 

= +Mn/6+(Ni+Cu)/15+(Cr+Mo+V)/5, %

, . 0.40, , - .

= 0.18+0.5/6+(0.3+0.3)/15+0.3/5 = 0.36 %

.

, , . , , . : , .

ǒ 2 1 5264-80.

璺 .

.

.

ij :

d = 3

:

F (6 8) d F =7 3=21

:

I.= F. d =d2 i/4 = 3.14 32 15/4 = 105

d ,2

/2,

(2036),

U= 28

:

V=(α I) / (100 F) = (8 105) / (100 7800 0.000126) = 12.23 /





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