|
OH‑,
|
| H+
| H2O D H+ + OH-,
| Kw= 10-13,997 D H = ‑55,81
| |
| Ag+
| Ag+ + OH- D AgOH,
| β1 = 102,0
| |
|
| Ag+ + 2OH- D Ag(OH)2-,
| β2 = 104,0
| |
|
| (1/2)Ag2O↓ () + (1/2)H2O D Ag+ + OH‑,
| Ks = 10-7,71
| |
| Al3+
| Al3+ + OH- D AlOH2+,
| β1 = 109,03
| |
|
| Al3+ + 2OH- D Al(OH)2+,
| β2 = 1018,69
| |
|
| Al3+ + 3OH- D Al(OH)30,
| β3 = 1026,99
| |
|
| Al3+ + 4OH- D Al(OH)4-,
| β4 = 1032,99
| |
|
| 2Al3+ + 2OH- D Al2(OH)24+,
| β22 = 1020,3
| |
|
| 3Al3+ + 4OH- D Al3(OH)45+,
| β43 = 1042,05
| |
|
| Al(OH)3↓(., ) DAl3+ + 3OH- ,
| Ks = 10-32,34
| |
| Ba2+
| Ba2+ + OH- D BaOH+,
| β1 = 100,5
| |
|
| Ba(OH)2↓() D Ba2+ + 2OH-,
| Ks = 10-3,6
| |
| Bi3+
| Bi3+ + OH- D BiOH2+,
| β1 = 102,21
| |
|
| Bi3+ + 2OH- D Bi(OH)2+,
| β2 = 102,7
| |
|
| Bi3+ + 3OH- D Bi(OH)30,
| β3 = 104,4
| |
|
| Bi3+ + 4OH- D Bi(OH)4-,
| β4 = 105,2
| |
|
| Bi3+ + 5OH- D Bi(OH)52-,
| β5 = 105,8
| |
|
| Bi3+ + 6OH- D Bi(OH)63-,
| β6 = 105,4
| |
|
| (1/2)Bi2O3↓(a, ) +(3/2)H2O D2Bi3+ + 3 OH‑,
| Ks = 10-38,53
| |
| Ca2+
| Ca2+ + OH- D CaOH+,
| β1 = 101,3
| |
|
| Ca(OH)2↓() D Ca2+ + 2OH-,
| Ks = 10-5,19
| |
| Cd2+
| Cd2+ + OH- D CdOH+,
| β1 = 103,92
| |
|
| Cd2+ + 2OH- D Cd(OH)20,
| β2 = 107,64
| |
|
| Cd2+ + 3OH- D Cd(OH)3-,
| β3 = 108,69
| |
|
| Cd2+ + 4OH- D Cd(OH)42-,
| β4 = 108,64
| |
|
| 2Cd2+ + OH- D Cd2OH3+,
| β12 = 104,61
| |
|
| 2Cd2+ + 2OH- D Cd2(OH)22+,
| β22 = 1020,3
| |
|
| Cd(OH)2↓[b() I =3 D Cd2+ + 2OH-,
| Ks = 10-14,35
| |
| OH‑, ‑ ()
| |
| Co2+
| Co2+ + OH- D CoOH+,
| β1 = 104,35
| |
|
| Co2+ + 2OH- D Co(OH)20,
| β2 = 109,19
| |
|
| Co2+ + 3OH- D Co(OH)3-,
| β3 = 1010,49
| |
|
| Co2+ + 4OH- D Co(OH)42-,
| β4 = 109,68
| |
|
| Co(OH)2↓() D Co2+ + 2OH-,
| Ks = 10-14,0
| |
|
|
|
| | Co3+
| Co3+ + OH- D CoOH2+,
| β1 = 1013,52
| |
| Co(OH)3↓() D Co3+ + 3OH-,
| Ks = 10-44,5
| |
|
|
| | Cr3+
| Cr3+ + OH- D CrOH2+,
| β1 = 1010,0
| |
| Cr3+ + 2OH- D Cr(OH)2+,
| β2 = 1018,3
| |
| Cr3+ + 3OH- D Cr(OH)30,
| β3 = 1010,49
| |
| Cr3+ + 4OH- D Cr(OH)4-,
| β4 = 109,68
| |
| Cr(OH)3↓() D Cr3+ + 3OH-,
| Ks = 10-29,8
| |
|
|
| | Cu+
| (1/2)Cu2O↓() + (1/2)H2O D Cu+ + OH‑,
| Ks = 10-14,7
| |
|
|
| | Cu2+
| Cu2+ + OH- D CuOH+,
| β1 = 106,0
| |
| Cu2+ + 2OH- D Cu(OH)20,
| β2 = 1010,7
| |
| Cu2+ + 3OH- D Cu(OH)3-,
| β3 = 1014,2
| |
| Cu2+ + 4OH- D Cu(OH)42-,
| β4 = 1016,4
| |
| 2Cu2+ + 2OH- D Cu2(OH)22+,
| β22 = 1017,63
| |
| Cu(OH)2 ↓() D Cu2+ + 2OH-,
| Ks = 10-19,32
| |
|
|
| | Fe2+
| Fe2+ + OH- D FeOH+,
| β1 = 104,5
| |
| Fe2+ + 2OH- D Fe(OH)20,
| β2 = 107,4
| |
| Fe2+ + 3OH- D Fe(OH)3-,
| β3 = 1011
| |
| Fe2+ + 4OH- D Fe(OH)42-,
| β4 = 1010
| |
| 2Fe2+ + 2OH- D Fe2(OH)22+,
| β22 = 1017,63
| |
| Fe(OH)2 ↓ () D Fe2+ + 2OH-,
| Ks= 10-15,1
| |
|
|
| | Fe3+
| Fe3+ + OH- D FeOH2+,
| β1 = 1011,81
| |
| Fe3+ + 2OH- D Fe(OH)2+,
| β2 = 1022,32
| |
| Fe3+ + 3OH- D Fe(OH)30,
| β3 = 1030
| |
| Fe3+ + 4OH- D Fe(OH)4-,
| β4 = 1034,4
| |
| 2Fe3+ + 2OH- D Fe2(OH)24+,
| β22 = 1025,04
| |
| 3Fe3+ + 4OH- D Fe3(OH)45+,
| β2 = 1049,7
| |
| Fe(OH)3↓ () D Fe3+ + 3OH-,
| Ks = 10-38,8
| |
| (1/2)Fe2O3↓(a,) +(3/2)H2OD Fe3++3OH‑),
| Ks = 10-42,7
| |
|
|
| | OH‑, ‑ ()
| | Hg22+
| Hg22+ + OH- D Hg2OH+,
| β1 = 108,7
| |
|
|
| | Hg2+
| Hg2+ + OH- D HgOH+,
| β1 = 1010,59
| |
| Hg2+ + 2OH- D Hg(OH)20,
| β2 = 1021,82
| |
| Hg2+ + 3OH- D Hg(OH)3-,
| β3 = 1020,89
| |
| 2Hg2+ + OH- D Hg2OH3+,
| β12 = 1010,67
| |
| 3Hg2+ + 3OH- D Hg3(OH)33+,
| β33 = 1035,57
| |
| HgO↓() + H2O D Hg2++2 OH‑,
| Ks = 10-25,44
| |
|
|
| | Mg2+
| Mg2+ + OH- D MgOH+,
| β1 = 102,58
| |
| 4Mg2+ + 4OH- D Mg4(OH)44+,
| β44 = 1016,3
| |
| Mg(OH)2↓() D Mg2+ + OH-,
| K s = 10-11,15
| |
|
|
| | Mn2+
| Mn2+ + OH- D MnOH+,
| β1 = 103,40
| |
| Mn2+ + 2OH- D Mn(OH)2,
| β2 = 105,8
| |
| Mn2+ + 3OH- D Mn(OH)3-,
| β3 = 107,2
| |
| Mn2+ + 4OH- D Mn(OH)42-,
| β4 = 107,7
| |
| 2Mn2+ + OH- D Mn2OH3+,
| β12 = 103,4
| |
| 2Mn2+ + 3OH- D Mn2(OH)3+,
| β32 = 1018,09
| |
| Mn(OH)20↓(, -) DMn2++2OH,
| Ks= 10-12,8
| |
|
|
| | Ni2+
| Ni2+ + OH- D NiOH+,
| β1 = 104,14
| |
| Ni2+ + 2OH- D Ni(OH)2,
| β2 = 108,9
| |
| Ni2+ + 3OH- D Ni(OH)3-,
| β3 = 1011,12
| |
| Ni2+ + 4OH- D Ni(OH)42-,
| β4 = 1012
| |
| 2Ni2+ + OH- D Ni2OH3+,
| β12 = 103,3
| |
| 4Ni2+ + 4OH- D Ni4(OH)44+,
| β44 = 1028,25
| |
| Ni(OH)2↓() D Ni2+ + 2OH-,
| Ks = 10-15,2
| |
|
|
| | Sb(III)
| Sb3+ + 2OH- DSb(OH)2+,
| K 2 = 1015,5[ I =5, HNO3],
| |
| Sb(OH)2+ + OH- D Sb(OH)3 ,
| K3 = 1012,8[ I =5, HNO3],
| |
| Sb(OH)3 + OH- D Sb(OH)4,
| K4 = 102,2[ I =5,HNO3],
| |
| 2Sb(OH)2+ + 2 H+ D Sb2(OH)24+ + 2 H2O,
| K = 100,7 [ I =5,HClO4],
| |
| (1/2) Sb2O3↓(., ) + (1/2) H2O D 2 SbO+ + OH‑,
|
Ks = 10-17,66 [I=5]
| |
| (1/2) Sb2O3(.,) + (1/2) H2O D
2 SbO+ + OH‑,
|
K s = 10-17,78 [ I =5]
| | | | | | | | |
|
| OH‑, ‑ ()
| |
| | Pb2+
| Pb2+ + OH- D PbOH+,
| β1 = 106,29
| |
| Pb2+ + 2OH- D Pb(OH)20,
| β2 = 1010,87
| |
| Pb2+ + 3OH- D Pb(OH)3-,
| β3 = 1013,93
| |
| 2Pb2+ + OH- D Pb2OH3-,
| β12 = 107,64
| |
| 3Pb2+ + 4OH- D Pb3(OH)45+,
| β43 = 1032,10
| |
| 4Pb2+ + 4OH- D Pb4(OH)44+,
| β44 = 1035,1
| |
| 6Pb2+ + 8OH- D Pb6(OH)84+,
| β86 = 1068,3
| |
| (1/2)Pb2O(OH)2↓) + (1/2) H2OD
Pb2+ + 2 OH‑,
|
Ks = 10-14,9
| |
| PbO↓() + H2O D Pb2+ + 2 OH‑,
| Ks = 10-15,3
| |
| PbO↓() + H2O D Pb2+ + 2 OH‑,
| Ks =10-15,3
| |
|
|
| | Sn2+
| Sn2+ + OH- D SnOH+,
| β1 = 1010,60
| |
| Sn2+ + 2OH- D Sn(OH)2,
| β2 = 1020,93
| |
| Sn2+ + 3OH- D Sn(OH)3-,
| β3 = 1025,38
| |
| 2Sn2+ + 2OH- D Sn2(OH)22+,
| β22 = 1023,22
| |
| 3Sn2+ + 4OH- D Sn3(OH)42+,
| β43 = 1049,11
| |
| 4Sn2+ + 4OH- D Sn4(OH)44+,
| β44 = 1028,25
| |
| SnO↓ () + H2O D Sn2+ + 2 OH‑,
| Ks = 10-26,2
| |
|
|
| | Sr2+
| Sr2+ + OH- D SrOH+,
| β1 = 100,8
| |
|
|
| | Zn2+
| Zn2+ + OH- D ZnOH+,
| β1 = 105,04
| |
| Zn2+ + 2OH- D Zn(OH)2,
| β2 = 1011,09
| |
| Zn2+ + 3OH- D Zn(OH)3-,
| β3 = 1013,52
| |
| Zn2+ + 4OH- D Zn(OH)42-,
| β4 = 1014,8
| |
| 2Zn2+ + OH- D Zn2OH3+,
| β12 = 105,0
| |
| 2Zn2+ + 6OH- D Zn2(OH)64-,
| β62 = 1026,2
| |
| Zn(OH)20↓(.,) D Zn2+ + 2OH-,
| K s = 10-15,2
| |
| Zn(OH)2↓ (b, ) +H2O D Zn2+ + 2 OH‑,
| K s = 10-16,2
| |
| ZnO↓() + H2O D Zn2+ + 2 OH‑,
| K s = 10-16,66
| |
As(OH) 4 ‑, ‑
| | H+
| As(OH)4- + H+ D H5AsO4 ,
| KH1 = 109,29 D H = ‑27,6
| |
| K1(H5AsO4D As(OH)4- + H+),
| KH1-1 = 10-9,29
| |
AsO 4 3‑, ‑
| | H+
| AsO43‑ + H+ D HAsO42-,
| KH1 = 1011,50, D H = ‑27,6;
| |
| HAsO42- + H+ D H2AsO4-,
| KH2 = 106,96
| |
| H2AsO4- + H+ D H3AsO4,
| KH3 = 102,24
| |
| K1(HAsO42-D AsO43‑ + H+)
| K H3-1 = 10-2,24
| |
| K2(H2AsO4-D AsO43‑ + H+)
| K H2-1 = 10-6,96
| |
| K3(HAsO42-D AsO43‑ + H+)
| K H1-1 = 10-11,50
| | Ag+
| Ag3AsO4↓(-) D 3Ag+ + AsO43-,
| K s = 10-22,0
| |
|
|
| | Al3+
| AlAsO4↓() D Al3+ + AsO43-,
| Ks = 10-15,8
| |
|
|
| | Bi3+
| BiAsO4↓() D Bi3+ + AsO43-,
| Ks = 10-9,36
| |
|
|
| | Ca2+
| Ca3(AsO4)2↓() D 3Ca2+ + 2AsO43-,
| K s = 10-18,2
| |
|
|
| | Cd2+
| Cd3(AsO4)2↓() D 3Cd2+ + 2AsO43-,
| Ks = 10-32,7
| |
|
|
| | Co2+
| Co3(AsO4)2↓() D 3Co2+ + 2AsO43-,
| Ks = 10-28,1
| |
|
|
| | Cr3+
| CrAsO4↓() D Cr3+ + AsO43-,
| Ks = 10-20,1
| |
|
|
| | Cu2+
| Cu3(AsO4)2↓() D 3Cu2+ + 2AsO43-,
| K s = 10-35,1
| |
|
|
| | Fe3+
| FeAsO4↓() D Fe3+ + AsO43-,
| K s = 10-20,2
| |
|
|
| | Mg2+
| Mg3(AsO4)2↓() D 3Mg2+ + 2AsO43-,
| K s = 10-19,7
| |
|
|
| | Mn2+
| Mn3(AsO4)2↓() D 3Mn2+ + 2AsO43-,
| K s = 10-28,7
| |
|
|
| | Ni2+
| Ni3(AsO4)2↓() D 3Ni2+ + 2AsO43-,
| K s = 10-25,5
| |
|
|
| | Pb2+
| Pb3(AsO4)2↓() D 3Pb2+ + 2AsO43-,
| K s = 10-35,4
| |
|
|
| | Sr2+
| Sr3(AsO4)2↓() D 3Sr2+ + 2AsO43-,
| K s = 10-17,8
| |
|
|
| | Zn2+
| Zn3(AsO4)2↓() D 3Zn2+ + 2AsO43-,
| K s = 10-27,0
| | B(OH) 4 ‑, -
| | H+
| B(OH)4‑ + H+ D H5BO4 ,
| KH1 = 109,236
| |
| B(OH)4‑ + H+ D H5BO4 ,
| KH1 = 105,23[ I =3, NaClO3]
| |
| K1(H5BO4 DB(OH)4‑ + H+)
| K H1-1 = 10-9,236
| |
| B(OH)4‑ + 2H+ D H6BO4+,
| bH21 = 105,50[ I =3, NaClO3]
| |
| B(OH)4‑ + 3H+ D H7BO42+,
| bH31 = 107,33[ I =3, NaClO3]
| |
| 2B(OH)4‑ + 4H+ D H12B2O82+,
| bH42 = 13,42[ I =3, NaClO3]
| | Br‑, -
| | Ag+
| Ag+ + Br- D AgBr,
| b1 = 104,68
| |
| Ag+ + 2Br- D AgBr2-,
| b2 = 107,7
| |
| g+ + 3Br- D AgBr32-,
| b3 = 108,7
| |
| Ag+ + 4Br- D AgBr43-,
| b4 = 109,0
| |
| AgBr↓ (-) D Ag+ + Br-,
| Ks = 10-12,28
| |
|
|
| | Bi3+
| Bi3+ + Br- D BiBr2+,
| b1 = 103,06
| |
| Bi3+ + 2Br- D Bi(Br)2+,
| b2 = 105,6
| |
| Bi3+ + 3Br- D Bi(Br)30,
| b3 = 107,4
| |
| Bi3+ + 4Br- D Bi(Br)4-,
| b4 = 108,6
| |
| Bi3+ + 5Br- D Bi(Br)52-,
| b5 = 109,2
| |
| Bi3+ + 6Br- D Bi(Br)63-,
| b2 = 108,7
| |
| BiOBr↓() + H2O D Bi3+ + Br‑ + 2 OH‑,
| Ks = 10-34,16 [ I =2]
| |
|
|
| | Br2
| Br2 + Br- DBr3-,
| b1 = 101,24
| |
| 2Br2 + Br- D Br5-,
| b12 = 101,30
| |
| Br2 D Br2(CCl4),
| K D = 101,44
| |
|
|
| | Cd2+
| Cd2+ + Br- D CdBr+,
| b1 = 102,14
| |
| Cd2+ + 2Br- D Cd(Br)20,
| b2 = 103,0
| |
| Cd2+ + 3Br- D Cd(Br)3-,
| b3 = 103,0
| |
| Cd2+ + 4Br- D Cd(Br)42-,
| b4 = 102,9
| |
|
|
| | Cu+
| Cu+ + 2Br- D CuBr2-,
| b2 = 105,9
| |
| Cu+ + 3Br- D CuBr2-,
| b3 =109,4 [ I =5]
| |
| CuBr↓() D Cu+ + Br-,
| Ks = 10-8,3
| | Br‑, - ()
| | Cu2+
| Cu2+ + Br- D CuBr+,
| b1 = 10-0,03
| |
| (1/2)Cu2(OH)3Br↓()D
Cu2++(3/2)OH‑+(1/2)Br‑,
|
Ks = 10-17,15
| | Fe3+
| Fe3+ + Br- D FeBr2+,
| b1 = 102,85
| |
|
|
| | Hg22+
| Hg2Br2↓(-) D Hg22+ + 2Br-,
| Ks = 10-22,25
| |
|
|
| | Hg2+
| Hg2+ + Br- D HgBr+,
| b1 = 1012,87 [ I =0,5]
| |
| Hg2+ + 2Br- D HgBr2,
| b2 = 1023,82 [ I =0,5]
| |
| Hg2+ + 3Br- D HgBr3-,
| b3 = 1027,6 [ I =0,5]
| |
| Hg2+ + 4Br- D HgBr42-,
| b4 = 1029,8 [ I =0,5]
| |
| HgBr2↓ () D Hg2+ + 2Br-,
| Ks = 10-18,9 [ I =0,5]
| |
| HgBr+ + OH‑ D HgBrOH,
| K = 109,75 [ I =0,5]
| |
|
|
| | Pb2+
| Pb2+ + Br- D PbBr+,
| b1 = 101,77
| |
| Pb2+ + 2Br- D PbBr2,
| b2 = 102,6
| |
| Pb2+ + 3Br- D PbBr3-,
| b3 = 103,0
| |
| Pb2+ + 4Br- D PbBr42-,
| b4 = 102,3
| |
| PbBr2↓() D Pb2+ + 2Br-,
| Ks = 10-5,68 [ I =4]
| |
|
|
| | Sn2+
| Sn2+ + Br- D SnBr+,
| b1 = 101,16
| |
| Sn2+ + 2Br- D SnBr2,
| b2 = 101,7
| |
| Sn2+ + 3Br- D SnBr3-,
| b3 = 101,2 [I=3]
| |
| Sn2+ + 4Br- D SnBr42-,
| b4 = 100,4 [I=4]
| | CN‑, -
| | H+
| CN- + H+ D HCN,
| K H = 109,21 D H = ‑43,64
| |
| K1(HCND CN-+ H+)
| K H-1 = 10-9,21
| |
|
|
| | Ag+
| Ag+ + 2CN- D Ag(CN)2-,
| b2 = 1020,48
| |
| Ag+ + 3CN- D Ag(CN)32-,
| b3 = 1021,4
| |
| Ag+ + 4CN- D Ag(CN)43-,
| b4 = 1020,8 [I=4]
| |
| AgCN↓() D Ag+ + CN-,
| Ks = 10-15,66
| |
| Ag+ + OH‑ + CN‑D AgOHCN‑,
| K = 1013,2
| |
|
|
| | Cd2+
| Cd2+ + CN- D CdCN+,
| b1 = 106,01
| |
| Cd2+ + 2CN- D Cd(CN)20,
| b2 = 1011,12
| |
| Cd2+ + 3CN- D Cd(CN)3-,
| b3 = 1015,65
| |
| Cd+ + 4CN- D Cd(CN)42-,
| b4 = 1017,92
| | CN‑, - ()
| | Fe2+
| Fe2+ + 6CN- D Fe(CN)64-,
| b6 = 1035,4
| |
|
|
| | Fe3+
| Fe3++ + 6CN- D Fe(CN)6-,
| b6 = 1043,6
| |
|
|
| | Cu+
| Cu+ + 2CN- D Cu(CN)2-,
| b2 = 1016,26
| |
| Cu+ + 3CN- D Cu(CN)32-,
| b3 = 1021,6
| |
| Cu+ + 4CN- D Cu(CN)43-,
| b4 = 1023,1
| |
| CuCN↓() D Cu+ + CN-,
| Ks = 1019,49
| |
|
|
| | Hg2+
| Hg2+ + CN- D HgCN+,
| b1 = 1017,00
| |
| Hg2+ + 2CN- D Hg(CN)20,
| b2 = 1032,75
| |
| Hg2+ + 3CN- D Hg(CN)3-,
| b3 = 1036,31
| |
| Hg+ + 4CN- D Hg(CN)42-,
| b4 = 1038,97
| |
|
|
| | Ni2+
| Ni2+ + CN- D NiCN+,
| b1 = 107,03 [ I =3]
| |
| Ni+ + 4CN- D Ni(CN)42-,
| b4 = 1030,22 [ I =3]
| |
| Ni(CN)42‑ + H+ D Ni(HCN)(CN)3‑,
| K = 105,4 [ I =0,1]
| |
| Ni(HCN)(CN)3‑ + H+ D Ni(HCN)2(CN)2,
| K= 104,5 [ I =0,1]
| |
| Ni(HCN)2(CN)2 + H+ D Ni(HCN)3(CN)+,
| K = 102,6 [ I =0,1]
| |
|
|
| | Zn2+
| Zn2+ + CN- D ZnCN+,
| b1 = 105,3 [I=3]
| |
| Zn2+ + 2CN- D Zn(CN)20,
| b2 = 1011,07
| |
| Zn2+ + 3CN- D Zn(CN)3-,
| b3 = 1016,05
| |
| Zn+ + 4CN- D ZN(CN)42-,
| b4 = 1019,62
| |
| Zn(CN)2() D Zn2+ + 2CN-,
| Ks = 10-15,5 [ I =3]
| |
SCN‑, -
| |
|
|
| | H+
| SCN- + H+ D HSCN,
| K H = 100,9
| |
| K1(HSCND SCN-+ H+)
| K H-1 = 10-0,9
| |
|
|
| | Ag+
| Ag+ + SCN- D AgSCN0,
| b1 = 104,8
| |
| Ag+ + 2SCN- D Ag(SCN)2-,
| b2 = 108,23
| |
| Ag+ + 3SCN- D Ag(SCN)32-,
| b3 = 109,5
| |
| Ag+ + 4SCN- D Ag(SCN)43-,
| b4 = 109,7
| |
| AgSCN↓() D Ag+ + SCN-,
| Ks = 10-11,97
| |
|
|
| | SCN‑, - ()
| | Bi3+
| Bi3+ + SCN- D BiSCN2+,
| b1 = 102,21
| |
| Bi3+ + 2SCN- D Bi(SCN)2+,
| b2 = 102,7
| |
| Bi3+ + 3SCN- D Bi(SCN)30,
| b3 = 104,4
| |
| Bi3+ + 4SCN- D Bi(SCN)4-,
| b4 = 105,2
| |
| Bi3+ + 5SCN- D Bi(SCN)52-,
| b5 = 105,8
| |
| Bi3+ + 6SCN- D Bi(SCN)63-,
| b6 = 105,4
| |
|
|
| | Cd2+
| Cd2+ + SCN- D CdSCN+,
| b1 = 101,89
| |
| Cd2+ + 2SCN- D Cd(SCN)20,
| b2 = 102,78
| |
| Cd2+ + 3SCN- D Cd(SCN)3-,
| b3 = 102,8
| |
| Cd+ + 4SCN- D Cd(SCN)42-,
| b4 = 102,3
| |
|
|
| | Co2+
| Co2+ + SCN- D CoSCN+,
| b1 = 101,72
| |
| Co2+ + 2SCN-DÛ Co(SCN)20,
| b2 = 101,32 [I=1]
| |
| Co2+ + 3SCN- D Co(SCN)3-,
| b3 = 10-0,38 [I=3]
| |
|
|
| | Cr3+
| Cr3+ + SCN- D CrSCN2+,
| b1 = 103,08
| |
| Cr3+ + 2SCN- D Cr(SCN)2+,
| b2 = 102,98 [ I =1]
| |
|
|
| | Cu+
| Cu+ + 2SCN- D Cu(SCN)2-,
| b2 = 1011,00 [ I =5]
| |
| Cu+ + 3SCN- D Cu(SCN)32-,
| b3 = 1010,9 [ I =5]
| |
| Cu+ + 4SCN- D Cu(SCN)43-,
| b4 = 1010,4 [ I =5]
| |
| CuSCN↓() D Cu+ + SCN-,
| Ks = 10-11,32 [I=2];
| |
| CuSCN↓() D Cu+ + SCN-,
| Ks = 10-11,15 [I=4]
| |
|
|
| | Cu2+
| Cu2+ + SCN- D CuSCN+,
| b1 = 102,33
| |
| Cu2+ + 2SCN- D Cu(SCN)20,
| b2 = 103,65
| |
|
|
| | Fe2+
| Fe2+ + SCN- D FeSCN+,
| b1 = 101,31
| |
|
|
| | Fe3+
| Fe3+ + SCN- D FeSCN2+,
| b1 = 102,21
| |
| Fe3+ + 2SCN- D Fe(SCN)2+,
| b2 = 102,7
| |
| Fe3+ + 3SCN- D Fe(SCN)30,
| b3 = 104,4[ I =3]
| |
| Fe3+ + 4SCN- D Fe(SCN)4-,
| b4 = 105,2[ I =3]
| |
| Fe3+ + 5SCN- D Fe(SCN)52-,
| b5 = 105,8[ I =3]
| |
| Fe3+ + 6SCN- D Fe(SCN)63-,
| b6 = 105,4[ I =3]
| |
|
|
| | Hg22+
| Hg2(SCN)2↓ () D Hg22+ + 2SCN-,
| Ks = 10-19,52
| | SCN‑, - ()
| | Hg2+
| Hg2+ + SCN- D HgSCN+,
| b1 = 109,08 [ I =1]
| |
| Hg2+ + 2SCN- D Hg(SCN)20,
| b2 = 1017,26
| |
| Hg2+ + 3SCN- D Hg(SCN)3-,
| b3 = 1019,97
| |
| Hg+ + 4SCN- D Hg(SCN)42-,
| b4 = 1021,8
| |
| Hg(SCN)2↓() D Hg2+ + 2SCN-,
| Ks = 10-19,56[ I =1]
| |
|
|
| | Mn2+
| Mn2+ + SCN- D MnSCN+,
| b1 = 101,23
| |
|
|
| | Ni2+
| Ni2+ + SCN- D NiSCN+,
| b1 = 101,76
| |
| Ni2+ + 2SCN- D Ni(SCN)20,
| b2 = 101,58[ I =1]
| |
| Ni2+ + 3SCN- D Ni(SCN)3-,
| b3 = 101,5[ I =1]
| |
|
|
| | Pb2+
| Pb2+ + SCN- D PbSCN+,
| b1 = 100,54 [ I =2]
| |
| Pb2+ + 2SCN- D Pb(SCN)20,
| b2 = 100,87[ I =2]
| |
| Pb2+ + 3SCN- D Pb(SCN)3-,
| b3 = 101,0[ I =3]
| |
|
|
| | Zn2+
| Zn2+ + SCN- D ZnSCN+,
| b1 = 101,33
| |
| Zn2+ + 2SCN- D Zn(SCN)20,
| b2 = 101,91
| |
| Zn2+ + 3SCN- D Zn(SCN)3-,
| b3 = 102,0
| |
| Zn+ + 4SCN- D Zn(SCN)42-,
| b4 = 101.6
| | CO 3 2‑ - -
| | H+
| CO3 2‑ + H+ D HCO3 ‑
| K H1 = 1010,33, D H = ‑14,6
| |
| HCO3 2‑ + H+ D H2CO3
| K H2 = 106,35, D H = ‑23,0
| |
| CO2(g) D CO2
| Kp = 101,48 [25oC],
10-1,89 [80oC]
| |
| K1(H2CO3D HCO32‑ + H+) = K H2-1 = 10-6,35
|
| |
| K2(HCO3-D CO32‑ + H+) = K H1-1 = 10-10,33
|
| |
|
|
| | Ag+
| Ag2CO3↓ () D 2Ag+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑11,09
| |
|
|
| | Ba2+
| Ba2+ + CO32- D BaCO3*
| b1 = 102,78,
| |
| BaCO3↓() DBa2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑8,29
| |
|
|
| | Ca2+
| Ca2+ + CO32- D CaCO3*
| b1 = 103,15,
| |
| CaCO3↓(, ) DCa2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑8,52
| |
| CaCO3↓(, ) DCa2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑8,29
| | CO 3 2‑ - - ()
| | Cd2+
| CdCO3↓() DCd2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑13,74
| |
|
|
| | Co2+
| CoCO3↓() DCo2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑9,98
| |
|
|
| | Cu2+
| Cu2+ + CO32-D CuCO3*
| b1 = 106,75
| |
| Cu2+ + 2CO32-D Cu(CO3)2
| b2 = 109,92
| |
| CuCO3↓() DCu2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑9,63
| |
| Cu2(OH)2CO3↓() D 2 Cu2+ + 2 OH‑ + CO32‑
| Ks = 10‑31,90
| |
| Cu2(OH)2CO3↓() D 2 Cu2+ + 2OH‑ + CO32‑
| Ks == 10‑42,96
| |
| Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2↓() D 3Cu2+ + 2OH‑ + 2CO32‑
| Ks =10‑54,69
| |
| K2Cu(HCO3)4↓ D 2 K+ + Cu2+ + 4 HCO3‑
| Ks =10‑11,5[ I =1]
| |
|
|
| | Fe2+
| FeCO3↓() DFe2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑10,68
| |
|
|
| | Hg22+
| HgCO3↓() DHg2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑16,05
| |
|
|
| | Mg2+
| Mg2+ + CO32-D MgCO3*
| b1 = 102,88
| |
| Mg2+ + HCO3‑ D MgHCO3+
| K = 100,95
| |
| MgCO33H2O↓() D Mg2+ + CO32- +3H2O
| Ks =10‑4,67
| |
| MgCO3↓(, ) D Mg2+ + CO32-
| Ks =10‑7,46
| |
|
|
| | Mn2+
| Mn2+ + HCO3‑ DÛ MnHCO3+
| K = 101,8
| |
| MnCO3 ↓() D Mn2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑9,30
| |
|
|
| | Ni2+
| NiCO3 ↓() D Ni2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑6,87
| |
|
|
| | Pb2+
| PbCO3 ↓() D Pb2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑13,13
| |
| Pb3(OH)2(CO3)2↓() + 7OH‑ D3 Pb(OH)3‑ +2 CO32‑
| Ks =10‑5,19
| |
|
|
| | Sr2+
| SrCO3↓() D Sr2+ + CO32-
| Ks =10-9,03
| |
|
|
| | Zn2+
| ZnCO3↓() D Zn2+ + CO32-
| Ks = 10‑10,0
|
: 2016-09-06; !; : 266 |
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1657 -  | 1604 - 
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