- .
, . , - . , ( ), .
. . . 1895 . , - . 1932 . . - , .
. . , . , . , , , . , - . , , , .
:
1. ( ). , , . , : -, - .
2. , . , , ,
eˉ + e+ =2
3. , , () ; .
0 2600 me (1330 ). me (). - , 0,52 , 2103 . me .
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( 2.1):
1. m ≤ me . , , , . . . - . me = 5,4810-4..(0,52 ). . . 2106 (, , , ).
ˉ → eˉ + ̃ +
+ → e+ + + ̃,
, ̃ ̃ . . , . 1934 . - . 1956 . , .
, : , . , , . 1,8 , -
̃+ p+ →n + e+
-, . .
.
2. me< m < 1000me . . . . , 134,9 135,6 , 2,610-8 1,810-16. - 10-22 10-23 , - 783 .
3. m >1000me (). : m≈1836-1839me , 2000 me.
. - . - , 12,5 . .
. , . 10-10 . , - . . , . 1-2 .
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( ) 10-20 2.10-6.
2.1
- | () | , | |||||
∞ | |||||||
<210-4 | ∞ | ||||||
̃ | ∞ | ||||||
: | |||||||
eˉ, bˉ | e | 0.511 | ∞ | ||||
e+, b+ | e+ | ∞ | |||||
+ | e+ | 105.7 | e++ + ̃ | 2,2010-6 | |||
ˉ | e+ | eˉ+ + ̃ | |||||
+ | e+ | 139.6 | ++ | 2,5510-8 | |||
ˉ | e | ˉ+ ̃ | |||||
0 | 135.0 | 2 | 1,110-16 | ||||
- | + | + | 493.8 | ++ m, + 0, + + ˉ | 1.2410-8 | ||
- | - | ||||||
497.8 | + ˉ 0 0 | 0,8910-10 | |||||
e n m nm, + ˉ 0 | 5.210-8 | ||||||
+ | e+ | 938.25 | ∞ | ||||
ˉ | e | ||||||
n | 939.55 | ++eˉ+ ̃ | 1,013103 | ||||
n | ˉ+ e++ | ||||||
- | 0 | 1115.4 | ++ ˉ(65%) n+ 0(35%) | 2,410-10 | |||
- | + | +e | 1189.2 | ++ 0(~50%) n+ + (~50%) | 0,7710-10 | ||
0 | 1192.4 | 0+ | <10-11 | ||||
ˉ | e+ | 1197.3 | n+ ˉ | 1,6110-10 | |||
- | ˉ | e | 1321.0 | 0+ ˉ | 1,710-10 | ||
0 | 1314.7 | 0+ 0 | 2,710-10 | ||||
- | ˉ | e | + +. | 1,310-10 |
- .
, , . , : , , . , , , . , . . , , , . . , (. , ). , 10-15 ; . , , . ½: (), (), -() , , . . . , , .
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- , , . .