p-v.
1-2, dv . . p. . - V1. pdV (l), 1 , /.
p- ,
F- , 2
s- ,
l /, 1-2:
d l =p∙dv
l =∫pdv, /
.
, , . . . . . - .
122'1'- .
121'2'- .
6. .
()- - , 10. /.
, (, , 3).
, /∙ ( 1 )
', /3∙ ( 1 3)
, / ∙ ( 1 )
. :
= /22,41;
'=ρ
- , : = dq/dt, /∙0.
1 - q, 2 : Cm=q/T2-1
dq=Cdt
T1→T2 q=∫Cdt Cm| T1T2=q/T2-T1
Cm| T2T1=∫Cdt/T2-T1=(Cm|0T2∙T2-Cm|T10∙T1)/T2-T1
( ) , ( ) . :
- ( ) ;
- ( ) .
.
, , , . , , , , , .
( ):
P=∑Pi
Pi- - t v .
:
:
- - : . , R.
|
|
R = g1*R1+g2*R2++gn*Rn,
g1,g2,..,gn - . , /(*), :
:
Qi=Mi/Mcm=pi*ri/pcm;