, . ̲ . , , , ` . . ` .
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. . . . Wi-Fi.
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. Wi-Fi . 㳿, . 㳿. Wi-Fi, `, , . , Wi-Fi. [1]
1
1.1 㳿 Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi - (. Wireless Fidelity - )- . Wi-
Fi , , ' . Wi-Fi
, , ,
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' .
Wi-Fi 1991 NCR Corporation / AT & T ( - Lucent Agere Systems) , ͳ.
IEEE 802 (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers).
1990 ,
.
Wi-Fi - .
, 1997 IEEE 802.11 . ,
Wi-Fi - , 㳿 ,
. ,
2 / ( ), ', ,
.
, , , . - , 㳿 , 1999 , 802.11a
802.11b, 54 / 11 /
. Wi-Fi , 802.11b. 㳿 Wi-Fi
, Ethernet. Wi-Fi , , , 㳿 Wi-Fi.
, 802.11a, ' 2001 , 802. 11b,
' ,
. Wi-Fi
2003 - 802.11g, .
, Wi-Fi, 802.11g, - 802.11n. 802.11a
802.11g, .[2]
' Wi-Fi 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11i 802.11n. : 802.11b, 802.11g 802.11n. 2009 , IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) ' 802.11n WI-FI 7- .
B
' . , . . WEP, . . , , .
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- : 11 Mbps
- 䳿: 50
- : WEP
- г :
802.11g
, 802.11b. 5 , 54 Mbps. , 㳿 superG* True MIMO* 125 Mpbs. : , . WPA WPA2*. , WEP. WPA2* .
*- ϳ
- 54 Mbps, 125* Mbps
- 䳿: 50
- : WEP, WPA WPA2*
- г :
802.11i
, 2004 . . - , AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) - , 128, 192 256 . - , Intel Centrino - 802.11i-. 802.1X, TKIP AES.
- : 125 Mbps
- 䳿: 50
- : WEP, WPA WPA2
- г :
802.11n
, 540 /.
- : 540 Mbps
- 䳿: 90/400
- : WEP, WPA WPA2
- г :
, ', , 㳿 , . 㳿 . Wi-Fi .[3]
1.3 Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi 802.11
. 2400
2483 , , FHSS
(Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum), DSSS
(Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum). , 볺 , !
802.11b - DSSS. 802.11a 802.11g OFDM (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing), ,
. 802.11a , : 5150-5825 . Wi-Fi ,
( ), . ,
, 802.11b / g 802.11a.
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Wi-Fi - Wi-Fi , , Wi-Fi .
Wi-Fi 802.11 300-400 , 90
- . ,
, , . , ,
- - . ,
2.4 ,
. 5 ,
, , , ,
. , Wi-Fi, , .
,
2.4 - - Wi-Fi (802.11a 802.11b).[2]
1.4 Wi-Fi
BSD (FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD) , 1998 . Atheros, Prism, Harris / Intersil Aironet ( Wi-Fi ) BSD 3. OpenBSD 3.7,
, RealTek RTL8180L, Ralink RT25x0, Atmel AT76C50x, Intel 2100 2200BG/2225BG/2915ABG.
Open BSD. , BSD-, , . NDIS wrapper Free BSD.
Mac OS. Apple Mac OS 9, 1999 . 2006 ' Apple Inc. ( ' iPhone, iPod Touch ' IPad) Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Apple , Mac OS X. ' , ' ' Macintosh . Darwin Mac OS X, BSD, , Wi-Fi.
Linux: 2.6, Wi-Fi ' Linux. ϳ Orinoco, Prism, Aironet, Atmel, Ralink , ADMtek Realtek RTL8180L , , . Intel Calexico , SourceForge.net. Atheros . ϳ NDISwrapper, Linux-, ' Intel x86, Microsoft Windows . ³ . FSF ,
|
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Linux wireless.
Linux-based , 糺 GNU GPL. , FreeWRT, OpenWRT, X-WRT, DD-WRT . . , , . . .
Microsoft Windows Wi-Fi , , , , Windows.
Windows, Windows 2000 , , .
Microsoft Windows XP . , Service Pack 2, Service Pack 3 WPA2.
Microsoft Windows Vista Windows XP Wi-Fi.
Microsoft Windows 7 . Windows 7 Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi-, . Windows 7 , . [4] ' Wi-Fi- , , Wi-Fi- . [5]
2
2.1 , , wi-fi
. , , . ' . - , . , .
, . , .[6]
2.2 Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi , -, ( Wi-Fi-), :
Ozone OzoneParis . 2003 Ozone Ozone Paris The City of Lights. ʳ - Wi-Fi, . Ozone Pervasive Network , .
WiSE Technologies , , .
T-Mobile - Starbucks , 7500 - ͳ.
Pacific Century Cyberworks Pacific Coffee .
Columbia Rural Electric Association 2.4 Wi-Fi 9500 ², - , . : Boingo, Wayport iPass.
Sify, -, 120 : , .
Vex -, 볿. Telefónica Speedy WiFi , São Paulo.
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BT Openzone䳺- , McDonald's,T-Mobile UKReadyToSurf. 볺 -The Cloud.
Netstop䳿.
, Elion, Statoil .
"", ,Golden Telecom, [7] Wi-Fi. . 泳 .
Wi-Fi ("! Wi-Fi") . , , , , , , "" ..
2.2.1 㳿
㳿 Wi-Fi . Siemens Automation & Drives Wi-Fi- SIMATIC IEEE 802.11g ISM- 2,4 11 / . 㳿 ' , , - Ethernet.
2.2.2 Wi-Fi '
, Wi-Fi 㳿
, GSM.
, 䳿 Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi , UMTS CDMA.
, Wi-Fi VoIP
SOHO. 90-, 2005 . Zyxel, UT Starcomm, Samsung, Hitachi VoIP Wi-Fi . 2005ADSL ISP VoIP
볺 ( ISP XS4All). VoIP , , , VoIP, - VoIP. GSM Wi-Fi VoIP , .
Wi-Fi . , Wi-Fi, 䳿, . , , , . , , .[2]
Wi-Fi ? ( - Wi-Fi , , ) - , , , . , , , ', . ' Wi-Fi . , Wi-Fi - , SMS . , Wi-Fi.
. , Wi-Fi. 2003 Cisco IP-, WI-FI 801.11b. , , Wi-Fi 㳿 , , , .. Samsung , GSM, GPRS, EDGE, Wi-Fi 4,5 / . 2006. Wi-Fi- SGH-P200, ' IP-. Wi-Fi .
Nokia, Wi-Fi , N E. Wi-Fi 6300, 6300i, 6301. 6086 6136.
Sony Ericsson, XPERIA X1 - , Wi-Fi . , 㳺 Wi-Fi, G900, W960, 1i.
Samsung 2007 -i620, i780, P260, P520 .
Wi-Fi ' , , . Wi-Fi 㳺 ' - VoIP (Voice over IP - ) - , , . Skype.
, , . 200 , 䳿 Wi-Fi . , Wi-Fi 㳿 , . . ˳ . 1000, 300. . 200 150 (101) (43). (13), (10) (9) - . , , .
, . , ' WiFi, . . , -, 55 ( 䳿 100 , - 300-400 ). (32), ( ) ( ). , , Wi-Fi .[8]
- . , , Wi-Fi 'ົ . , , Windows Mobile. Wi-Fi . , Nokia , Wi-Fi , , .
Wi-Fi-' ( )
Wi-Fi - . , , . Wi-Fi. , , Wi-Fi ' , . , , . . , 볺. - .
- ... , , Wi-Fi . Wi-Fi ³ , '. ³ ' , Wi-Fi.
Wi-Fi - ,
, 㳿 Wi-Fi ' . , , Wi-Fi .
Ericsson Wi-Fi. , Wi-Fi . , . , , , , , , 3G. , 20 . HSPA-, Wi-Fi, .
Wi-Fi 㳿, ' .[8]
2.2.3 Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi - . Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11g. Sony PSP , , ' Wi-Fi '.[2]
2.3 Wi-Fi
- Wi-Fi, , , , Wi-Fi, , . '
, Wi-Fi-. Wi-Fi-, .
OLSR (en) - , . , OSPF. WiPeer P2P- Wi-Fi.
Wireless Leiden LVrouteD ' Wi-Fi-, . , 糺. WiFi Liberator[9] ( - Mac OS X Wi-Fi- Wi-Fi-). netsukuku - p mesh-.
- Wi-Fi Wi-Fi . , , - Wi-Fi . Ozone Paris , Pervasive Network, Wi-Fi. Unwire Jerusalem - Wi-Fi . Wi-Fi , , .
, Panera Bread, Wi-Fi 볺. McDonald's Corporation Wi-Fi McInternet. -, ; , .
, , , , , , , . - Sparknet Գ䳿. Sparknet OpenSparknet - , Sparknet, .
Wi-Fi- - Wi-Fi -. , Wi-Fi- 볺 .
3