( )
, (1)
z+ z , ν+ ν , .
ms m+ m-
ms = ν+m+ + νm. (2)
, .
i- ai
mi = + RT ln ai, (3)
, ai = 1.
(3), (2), , , as a+ a
as = . (4)
,
= = , (5)
ν = ν+ + ν .
gi
ai = migi, (6)
mi i- , .
.
(6) , . , , g+ g- , (5)
= . (7)
= . (8)
m+ = ν+ m m = ν m,
=m , (9)
m , m+ , m .
,
a+ = m+g+ , a = mg = . (10)
, , . , , , . .
, ,
|
|
u, Pt, 2 | l | AgCl, g, Cu. (11)
, , .
u, g,AgCl | l, | Pt,Cu. (12)
φ φ . .
= φ φ . . (13)
C6H4O2 + 2H+ + 2e C6H4(OH)2 (14)
C6H4O2 C6H4(OH)2 () () , C6H4O2C6H4(OH)2
C6H4O2C6H4(OH)2 C6H4O2 + C6H4(OH)2. (15)
(14)
φ = φ + = φ + . (16)
, 1.
, H+, .. .
, AgCl .
φAg+/Ag = φAg+/Ag + (17)
, , AgCl
= (18)
(18) (17),
φ. = φAg+/Ag + = φ. (19)
, .
AgCl + e Ag + Cl (20)
(16) (19) (13),
= φ φ. + (21)
(5) = , ,
= + . (22)
(22) (10) (9),
= + + . (23)
= . (24)
() m, (24) , .
φ
φ = 0,7177 7,410 4 , (25)
, ; φ .
φ.
φ. = 0,222 6,410-4(t 25) 3,210-6(t 25), (26)
t , ; φ. .
, .
|
|
.
1. 5 6 0,001 0,1. .
2. u, g, AgCl | l, | Pt,Cu (. .1).
3. .
1. . 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5
1. , (24).
2. (9), (10) (5), , .
3.
I = , (27)
mi zi i- .
4. lg , - .
5. 1. .
1. .
, /1000 | , | aHCl | lg | I | ||||
.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. - ?
9. , - ?
10. , .
11.
Cd + Hg2SO4 = CdSO4 + 2Hg, , , :
= 1,083 4,0610-5(t 20), t , .
12. .
10