, , , .
:
ν+z+ + ν z- (1)
= = , (2)
; = .
= 1, ,
= . (3)
, , i = gici, i, gi ci , i ,
= . (4)
, , 1. :
= = = , (5)
, /3;
ν = ν+ + ν.
, , (4). g, :
lg g = 0,509 |z+z-| (6)
zi ;
I = ;
mi i- ;
g = .
= . (7)
, 1.
ν+ = ν = 1 (1) (7) .
, ,
, (8)
Δ , /;
R , /().
(8) , Δ ,
ln = + const. (9)
(9), . ln , ,
ln = + b. (10)
(9) (10) , = ,
|
|
ΔHo = R. (11)
ΔG
ΔG= RT ln (12)
ΔS :
ΔS = . (13)
.
λ ( )
λ = [λ+ + b+ (t 25) + λ + b (t 25)], (14)
λ+ λ , 2/; t , ; b+ b 25 . λ+ , λ ,b+ b .
:
= (15)
: , Δ, ΔG ΔS .
. ,
R = , (16)
; χ , /.
, .
1. 0,001 .
2. , .
3. , , 20 30 .
4. 30, 35, 40, 45 (16) .
. .
5. . . , - . (100 ) , , 20 . , . , , . .
6. , 30 , Rt,
|
|
(17)
χ t , Kt .
7. 35, 40 45 .
8. λ (14) 30, 35, 40, 45 .
.
1. .
, | , -1 | , / | , | , / | , 2/ |
1. (15) , (7) .
2. ln c , , , Δ (11).
3. (12) (13), ΔG ΔS.
.
2. .
, | , /3 | Δ, / | ΔG, / | ΔS, /() | |
.
1. .
2. .
3. ?
4. ?
5. Δ, ΔG, ΔS .
6. .
7. ?
8. .
9. .
10. .
11. .
7
-