4
1. (. 166 ).
Electronics Workbench
2. , :
2Ȼ (2-input AND),
2Ȼ (2-input OR),
Ż (NOT),
2-Ż (2-input NAND),
2-Ż (2-input NOR),
2Ȼ (2-input XOR),
 |
2-Ż (2-input XNOR),
. 1 - 2 (2-input AND)
| 1 | 2 | |
1 2 (2-input AND)
 |
. 2 - 2 (2-input OR)
| 1 | 2 | |
2 2 (2-input OR)
 |
. 3 - (NOT)
3 - (NOT)
 |
. 4 - 2- (2-input NAND)
| 1 | 2 | |
4 - 2- (2-input NAND)
 |
. 5 - 2- (2-input NOR)
| 1 | 2 | |
5 - 2- (2-input NOR)
 |
.6 - 2 (2-input XOR)
| 1 | 2 | |
6 - 2 (2-input XOR)
 |
. 7 - 2- (2-input XNOR)
| 1 | 2 | |
7 - 2- (2-input XNOR)
3. ( , 1)
| 7411 () |
. 8 7411 ()
4. Ż ( 7404):
;
. 9 7404 ()
. 10 7404 ()
5. Ż, :
(TTL) - 7404;
|
|
|
(CMOS) - 4049.
. 11 CMOS 4049 ()
. 12 TTL 7404 ()
| , | ||
| Umin | Umax | |
| 1,67 | 2,62 | |
| 2,07 | 3,02 |
| arch | |
| uname -m | |
| uname -r | |
| dmidecode -q | - (SMBIOS / DMI) |
| hdparm -i /dev/hda | |
| hdparm -tT /dev/sda | |
| cat /proc/cpuinfo | |
| cat /proc/interrupts | |
| cat /proc/meminfo | |
| cat /proc/swaps | () |
| cat /proc/version | |
| cat /proc/net/dev | |
| cat /proc/mounts | |
| lspci -tv | PCI |
| lsusb -tv | USB |
| date | |
| cal 2007 | - 2007- |
| date 041217002007.00 | . (.) |
| clock -w | BIOS |
| shutdown -h now | |
| init 0 | |
| telinit 0 | |
| shutdown -h hours:minutes & | |
| shutdown -c | |
| shutdown -r now | |
| reboot | |
| logout |
| cd /home | '/home' |
| cd.. | |
| cd../.. | |
| cd | |
| cd ~user | user |
| cd - | , |
| pwd | |
| ls | |
| ls -F | , |
| ls -l | |
| ls -a | |
| ls *[0-9]* | |
| tree | , (/) |
| lstree | |
| mkdir dir1 | 'dir1' |
| mkdir dir1 dir2 | |
| mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 | |
| rm -f file1 | 'file1' |
| rmdir dir1 | 'dir1' |
| rm -rf dir1 | 'dir1' |
| rm -rf dir1 dir2 | |
| mv dir1 new_dir | |
| cp file1 file2 | file1 file2 |
| cp dir/*. | dir |
| cp -a /tmp/dir1. | dir1 |
| cp -a dir1 dir2 | dir1 dir2 |
| ln -s file1 lnk1 | |
| ln file1 lnk1 | "" () |
| touch -t 0712250000 fileditest | , , (YYMMDDhhmm) |
|
|
|
| find / -name file1 | file1. (/) |
| find / -user user1 | user1. (/) |
| find /home/user1 -name "*.bin" | , '. bin'. '/ home/user1' |
| find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 | '/usr/bin', 100 |
| find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 | '/usr/bin', 10 |
| find / -name *.rpm -exec chmod 755 '{}'; | , '.rpm', |
| find / -xdev -name "*.rpm" | , '.rpm', , cdrom, floppy .. |
| locate "*.ps" | , '.ps'. 'updatedb' |
| whereis halt | , , 'halt' |
| which halt | 'halt' |
| mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 | 'hda2' '/mnt/hda2'. - '/mnt/hda2' |
| umount /dev/hda2 | 'hda2'. , '/mnt/hda2' |
| fuser -km /mnt/hda2 | . , - |
| umount -n /mnt/hda2 | /etc/mtab. " " |
| mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy | - |
| mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom | CD DVD |
| mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder | CD-R/CD-RW DVD-R/DVD-RW(+-) |
| mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom | ISO- |
| mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 | Windows FAT32 |
| mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass//winclient/share /mnt/share | Windows (SMB/CIFS) |
| mount -o bind /home/user/prg /var/ftp/user | "" (binding). 2.4.0. , , ftp ftp- "" (chroot), . |
| df -h | , (.. -h *nix ) |
| ls -lSr |more | |
| du -sh dir1 | , 'dir1' (.. -h *nix ) |
| du -sk * | sort -rn | , |
| rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n' |sort -k1,1n | , rpm-, (fedora, redhat ..) |
| dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n' |sort -k1,1n | , deb-, (ubuntu, debian ..) |
|
|
|
| groupadd group_name | group_name |
| groupdel group_name | group_name |
| groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name | old_group_name new_group_name |
| useradd -c "Nome Cognome" -g admin -d /home/user1 -s /bin/bash user1 | user1, /home/user1, shell' /bin/bash, admin Nome Cognome |
| useradd user1 | user1 |
| userdel -r user1 | user1 |
| usermod -c "UserFTP" -g system -d /ftp/user1 -s /bin/nologin user1 | |
| passwd | |
| passwd user1 | user1 ( root) |
| chage -E 2005-12-31 user1 | user1 |
| pwck | . /etc/passwd /etc/shadow |
| grpck | . /etc/group |
| newgrp [-] group_name | . "-", , . , /etc/passwd |
