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2




:

: , .

: , , .

 

5

(.10)

( )
, .
= = ( + 2) / 6, , 2
R1 R1 = ;
2 3 R1
= 1 1; 1,5; 2
1 21 13 1 1 = 21 = 13 = 1
2 11. 1, , 1 . 2 , 12

 

.10.

 

4, 5

: ,

: , , .

: , , .

 

6

, (.11)

( )
12 12 = + 21 + 2 + 3 = , , 1, 2, 3
= + 21 + 2 + 3, , 1, 2, 3
12 12 = L + 21 + 2 + 3
= = / 2
3 4 3 = 4 = 0,5
R R = 32 = 41
     
, ,
= + 21, , 1
= L + 21, L , 1
, 1 R1 , 1 = ( ) / 2 R1 = 1 / 2 = 1 R1
R2 R3 R2 = 2; R2 = 2 ( ) R3 = ; R3 = ( )
-
, = = L + 21 + 2 + 3, L , 1, 2, 3
1, 2   3, 4, 5, 6 , 15 1, 2 R = 1 = 2
R1 R1 = 3 ( 6, 4, 5) ,
(. 12)
¢ 3 / 2 2 / 2 1 3 = 0,2 0,3 2 4 = 0,2 0,3 5 = 0,5 0,6 6 = 0,5 0,6 , 3, 3, 5 2, 4, 6
1, 2, 3, 4 1 1 = 1 2 = 2 3 = 2 4 ( )
5, 6 1, 2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7, 8 5 = 6 = 3 4 13 = 14 = 21 = 22 = 4,5 5,5 1 5 = 2 6 = 3 7 = 4 8 = 0,4 0,7
(.13)
= 2pR,
= 2p r
11 11 = h = + 21, , 1
R1, r 1 R = R1 (R1 h), h , R1 = R h / (R r); r 1 = R1 h
n n = 180 / (R1p),
, n 1 n 1 = 1 / 2 n
, 1 1 = 2 R sin (n 1 / 2)
, rr 1 rr 1 = 2 r 1 sin (n 1 / 2)
(.14)
= = p + 21 + 2 + 3, , = ( + L) / 2, 1, 2, 3 ; , L
= + 21 + 2 + 3, , 1, 2, 3
, = = ( )
1 1 = 1 + 21 + 2 + 3, 21 = (0,5 + 2)
1 1 = 2 + 21 + 2 + 3; 1 = 1
1 1 = 1 = 3 + 21 + 2 + 3; 1 = 1
, (.15)
= + 21 + 2 + 3, , 1, 2, 3
= / 2
  1 12 0 = / 2 1 1 = 1 + 21 12 = 2 + 21 0 = 1 + 21
R1 R2 R1 = 1 / 3 0 R2 = 1 /2 0
= 23 ( )
(.16)
= + , ,
1, 1 1 = 1 = + 21,
= p, ; , = (L + ) / 2; , L
S S =
S S / n, n
- 11 0,5

 

.11. , , ,

 

 

.12.

 

 

.13.

 

 

.14.

.15. .

 

 

.16.

 

6

:

: , .

: , , .

 

 

7

(.17)

( )
R R = / 2, = , = L, , L ; 1 = 2 = (L ) / 2
1   2 3 1 = 1 + 1   1 = 2 + 1 1 = 1 = 3 + 1
R1 4 R1 = R + 1; 14 = 23
R1 = 2pR1 + 2 (34)
= R + 16 1 + 2, 1, 2
23 23 = ( ) / 8, ,
34 34 = / 8,
1, 2 1 = 3 ; 1 2 = 0,3

 

.17.

.18.

.19.

7

:

: , .

: , , .

 

8

(.18,19)

( )
= + 21 + 2 +3, , 1, 2, 3
34 34 = L + 1 + 2 +3, L , 1, 2, 3
= 2pR, R = ( + 43) / 2
R1 r 1 R = R1 (R1 h), h , R1 = R h / (R r); r 1 = R1 h
2 3 23 = 1 = 2 R sin (n 1 / 2), n 1 = 1 / 2 n, n = 180 / (R1p),
62 62 = 1 + 21, 1 , 1
15 15 = 2 + 21, 2 , 1
34 34 = ,
4 5 6 41 R1 45 26
R2 R2 = r1 2,
5, 8, 6, 7
R3 R3 ( ) 6 R1
45 45 = 2 + 1, 2 , 1
41 42 3,13 41 = 34 42 = 41 / 2 3 = 13 = ( + 21) / 2, 3 2
2   3 7 R = 3 3 31 = 45 / 3 1 7 = 67




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