.. , , -
. ( ) , , . . , , , . , . , . , , . . , , , , . (, , -, . .) , .
, , ( ). , , .
, , . -
3.5.
, , . . (E.L. Thorn-dyke), . (C.L. Hull), . - (E.G. Tolman) . (E.R. Guth-rie; : , , ) , , , .. . , , , , .
(law of readiness). , (The satisfaction is derived from the functioning of behavioral conduction units), . . , .
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, , : , .
(law of effect). () - . , (/), , (//) .
(negative law of effect), , .
(strong law of effect) : -
, .
(satisfying state of affairs) (annoying state of affairs), ; satisfiers annoyers (. [Kling, Riggs, 1971]).
. , , . .. [Skinner, 1984] (. . , ).
(law of exercise): , . : , , . . 10 (. [, 1985, . 91]). : , [Gottlieb et al., 1988].
(law of recency), : ( ) , . , . (primacy effect, principle of primacy,
3.
law of primacy) , . () (serialposition effect) , . U- , , (. [, 1996, . 152]).
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(matching law): .
(res-ponse-by-analogy principle): , , .
(trial-and-error learning)
. - 1898 . , , , . - (problem box). , , , , . . , , . , . , .. - [Skinner, 1984], -
(. . 3.5.4 , ). , , , , , , , .
, , , , , , (vicarious trial and error VTE). , , , .
, , , , , , , .