. - , .
leverage, gearing, financial leverage. leverage , . , , , , , . , , .
, , . .
, , . , , , , , , .
. 2 . 1 . 265 . . , . 8 . 270 , , , , - , 269 ( 1 2015 . , ).
, .
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- , . .. , . , .. , . , .. , .. . , : , , , , ( ) .
, . ():
= (14.17)
= / (1- t)( I) (14.18)
- , , , () () :
= / (14.19)
- - - , , :
= (1- t)( I), (14.20)
I - ; (1t) - , t . , 20 , 0,80. , , . , ;
- - , EBIT :
= EBIT / (14.21)
- - , () ():
= + (14.22)
. , , , .
, . ( ) . EBIT (Earning before Interest and tax ).
14.1
.
( ) 1000 . . , 500 . . 15 %. 200 . . 20 %.
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14.1.
14.1
, . .
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. | : ( ) () (EBIT) () % (. 4: . 1) (15%) (. 4 . 6) (20 %) (. 7 . 8) () (. 7- . 8) , , % (. 9: . 2) () (. 3: . 2) () ((0,80 ( 15%) () (. 11 . 12) | 1000 1000 - 200 20 - 200 40 160 16,0 - 4,0 - | 1000 500 500 200 20 75 125 25 100 20,0 1 4,0 4,0 |
, , , . - , , , 0, .
14.2
, 14.2.
14.2
, . .
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. | : ( ). (), 30 % (EBIT) () % (. 4: . 1) (30 % ) (. 4 . 6) (20 %) (. 7 . 8) () (. 7 . 8) , ROE (%) - (. 9: . 2) () (. 3: . 2) () ((0,80 ( 30 %) () (. 11 . 12) | 3500 2000 1500 900 25,7 450 450 90 360 18,0 0,75 (3,44) (2,58) | 3500 1500 2000 1200 34,3 600 600 120 480 32,0 1,33 3,44 4,58 |
. . 0,75, 1,33. EBIT . , 30 %, , . . R, 32 %, 80 % , .
, , . , , . , .
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. , , , .
. .
, . 20% 12 % (15 % 0,8). , , , .
, , . , , , . . , .
, , , , . , , .