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1, " ". , , , . . ( , -). . - ( ) .

.

, - I, . , I ( ). . .

, Xk,i n (i=1,n). . . .

k m. , . : . :

( ). ( ) () Yr,i, Xk,i ( ): .

Xk,i; Xk,i Yr,i .

Xk,i , Yr,i .

I = H(x) - H (x/y)

, () a ( ) . H(a), N :

Pi , i - .

b, - ( b) ( ) H(a/b), . I(a) , b,

I (a) = H(a) H(a/b),

.. () .

H(a/b), , , I (a) = H(a). .

, , . . , N :

,

m, n, : M=mn .

. (). . , . . ( ). . , ,

M=mn ,

M ;

m ( , ),

n () .

m =2 . . - . : , 8 ; , 1024 ; , 1024 ..

N , . Q, , N ( ) Q = log2N.

. , "" "". , "" "", .

("" "") Q = log22 = 1.

(. bit binary digit ). , , , .

, 1 6 , 4 6. , 1/6. "" "", , 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 = 1/2 . , , .

, . , . 4 12 . 4/(4+12) = 1/4, 12/(4+12) = 3/4.

: , .
I I= -log2p.

, I = -log2(1/4) = 2 , I = -log2(3/4) = 0,3 .

, ( ) () .

, , , .

, () .

, , , , , 128.

, , . ( , .)

N . Q=I ; Q Q = log2N.

N = 128 : Q= 7 .

, , Q.

, 0 1, .

1. , "" "". , ("" "") . , , 1 , , 1, "" 0, "" ( 0 "" 1 "").

2. , , . , 4- . ?

Q = log24 = 2 .

, (2 ), :

00 "" ;

01 "" ;

10 "" ;

11 "" ;

, (), . , .

3. , , , 256. ( )?


 

2.16

ASCII- CP866

ASCII ASCII
   
   
   
   
... ... ...
   
   
   
... ... ...

 

256 Q = log2256 = 8

, ( ) 8 . , . (.. ASCII-). . 2.16 ASCII- .

 





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