, , . . . , ( ).
, , , , , . , , , k k :
(IX.1)
Q .
, s. s , , . k* = k/k k * = k /k (. 60), (. 61), (. 62); k , .
,
(lX.2)
.
, k * k * ( *) (. 63),
. .
(lX.3)
, :
(lX.4)
, . , , ,
(lX.5)
l
(lX.6)
|
|
(lX.7)
-
(lX.8)
. . .
k *( *). * * . 64 a=Sm / m ( 1 a = 0,020; 2 a = 0,015; 3 a= 0,010). x= ,
(lX.9)
. 64 *, *.
. = *x (lX.10)
(IX.7) (IX.8), , *( *) (. . 64), .
, , ( ), a = S , S .
. . , H *( *) (. . 64) * ( / p ³0,2), ,
* = * + (lX.11)
, ,
= ( ) (lX.12)
0,94421,43 a.
. . , , k* , , ( *).
= ( ). (lX.13)
87
. , k k . , k = 0.8 . , , , .
. (c. . 6062).
88
, , . k = 5 , m = 1 , m = 0,012 , s = 65%.
k k , w / w v/v .
: k= 1,15 ; k = 0,75 ; w / w = 0,0184; v/v = 0,00991.
89
- . B = 600 , L = 3 , h = 10 , k = 150 , m =1,12 ×, m = 0,014 ×, S = 1,22-10-5 3/3×, = 350 3/3. p = 14,7 (150 /2), =10,8 (110 /2).
|
|
, = 2,5 .
. * *.
: Q = 61 3/, (Q) = 21 300 3/, =11,5 .
90
R = 350 r = 0,1 .
, . , , pc = 8,82 (90 /2), p =13,2 (135 /2), , k = 0,1 , h = 10 , m =1,2 × m = 0,012 ×, S =1,53×10-5 3/3×, = 400 3/3, p = 1,01×105 .
* p * a = 0,015 .
.
. a = S :
;
p * * a = 0,015 H * = 16,75 *= 10,06
= *x = 16,75×1,01×105 = 6,77 ,
= *x =10,06×4×1,01×105 = 4,06 .
Q . = Q = 154×400=61 600 3/.
, r H * R, r, , H * * . . 10.
( 3/)
QH (. 11, . 65).
91
.
, D = 2 /2 = 2,45 = 200 3/3 , : 1) p = 9,8 (100 /2); 2) = 4,9 (50 /2). m = 1 × m r= 0,012×, S = 1,73 × 10-5 3/3×.
. * *.
:
92
. m / m = 100, S = 1,02×10-5 3/3×, = 9,8×104 , = 11,76 (120 /2), = 9,8 (100 /2). 1 = 300 3/3 2 = 600 3/3. .
: Q1 / Q2 = 1,5; (Q ) 2 / Q 1 = 1,33.
, , .
93
R =1 . = 10,29 (105 /2),. = 8,33 (85 /2), m/m = 0,01, S = 1,02×10-5 3/3×, = 400 3/3, r = 0,1 . .
|
|
.
* * a = 0,01 (. . 64)
* =11 * 7
= *x = 11×4×9,8×104 = 4,31 ,
= * x = 7×4×9,8×104 = 2,74
.
94
. . . . , k = 0,5 , h-=8 , m =1,2 ×.
.
, . = 10,16 = 25,9, k* ==0,64 (. . 63).
= 0,944 21,43 a = 0,944 21,43×0,01 = 0,730,