, , . . - , , - .
, , . , - , , 19 (lzard et 1., 1987). , 13 , 18 (Hyson, lzard, 1985).
, , : 0,70-0,90, 21 - 0,40-0,50 (Olweus, 1980, 1982; Parke, Slaby, 1983). , , , , , . , , , -, . ( ) . , .
(Holt, 1970) , . <> (, ), , . , , ,
..., . , , , , (Holt, 1970, . 8-9).
, , , , . , , <>. , <> .
|
|
, , , , , . , , < , , , , , , , > (Holt, 1970, . 9). , , , (, Singer, 1990; Schwartz, 1990; Weinberger, 1990).
, . , : . , , -, , . . , , , .
< > (Richardson, 1960) , 126 1820- 1945- , , 68 . 59000000 .
, , , . :
- , , , , , . ( <> <>) . , , , . , . . , (Tinbergen, 1968, . 1416).
, . <> , - < >, . , , , . :
|
|
, , . - , , . , (Murphy, 1958, . 3).
, . , , , . , , . , , , .
, , , , - , . , 14 1970 , , , - . , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , . .
, . - , , , , , . , , , . , -, .
, , , ', . , . , . .
, - , . , , . .
, , . () .
|
|
. . , .
, . , , . , . , . , , .
(- ), ( ) . . .
. , , , , .
, , . . , . .
, . , .
, . - , , . . , ( , ), , , . , .
, , , . , , . , , . .
|
|
Averill J. R. Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theory of emotions. - American Psychologist, 1983,38,1145-1162.
. - () .
Berkowitz L. On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression: A cognitive-neoasso-ciationistic analysis. - American Psychologist, 1990, 45(4), 494-503.
, . , . -- .
Cummings . ., Zahn-WaxlerC., Radke-Yarrov} . Young children's responses to expressions of anger and affection by others in the family. - Child Development, 1981, 52, 1274- 1282.
, - .
Lewis ., Alessandri S. ., Sullivan . W. Violation of expectancy, loss of control and anger expression in young infants. - Developmental Psychology, 1990, 26(5), 745-751.
, , , , , 2-8- .
WeinerB., Graham S., Chandler . Pity, anger and guilt: An attributional analysis.-Perso-nality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1982, 8(2), 226-232.
. .
12
, . , . , -, .
, , , , -. , , , , , , , . - , - . , . , , , , .
. - . , .
. , . , . , - ; , ( ). , , . , , , , .
, , , , . (Steiner, 1979), , , , .
|
|
, . , , . .
, , , . , .
1. - .
2. . , , .
3. , , .
4. .
5. . , - .
6. , , .
7. ( ), . , , .
8. , , , . , , , , , .
- . . <> . , . , - (, ).
<> , . , , < >, , , . , , , . , , , .
, , , . , , . , , , ? , .
, .
- . , .
(Rozin, Fallen, 1987) , . . .
: 1) (, ); 2) (): 3) (, ); 4) , ( ). , , . . ' , , , . , , . .
, , , , . , , . , , , . , . , , . <> - ; . , , , . , , ; , .
. , , , . , , , , , .
. , , (, - - ) (David, Fahy, 1987). , , (, , ; , ).
, , . , , , .
, < > . , , , . , . .
, , , , <> . <>, , . , , , , -, .
, . - , . - . , , , , . . <>, . , , , < >, . .