, .
Fe2+ K3[Fe(CN)6] Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 α,α'-. 1-2 , 1-2 (( HCl)=0,1/3) 1-2 α,α'-. Fe2+ .
Fe3+ 䳺 K4[Fe(CN)6] Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 .
Al3+ .
1. 1-2 3[Fe(CN)6], , 1-2 . ϳ 1-2 (w=0,1%) . . (( H3C)=1,0/3) . Al3+ .
2. 3-4 , 3-4 (( H3C)=2,0/3) 2-4 (w=0,1%). , (( NH32)=2,0/3), 2-3 (( (NH4)23)=2,0/3). Al3+ .
Cr3+ . 3-4 ( )=2,0/3 3-4 22 (w=3%) , .
, , (( HN3)=2,0/3) , 2 22, . Cr3+
(H2CrO6 ).
Zn2+ . , 0,53 (( H3C)=2,0/3), 0,53 (( H3CNa)=2,0/3), 4-5 Na2S2O3 (( Na2S2O3)=1,0/3), 1c3 CCl4, . Zn2+ .
Cu2+, Co2+, Mn2+ Zn2+ () .
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Mn2+ MnO4− PbO2 (NH4)2S2O8. .
Mg2+
n- n--α-. 2-3 1 . Mg2+ . , . 2-3 NaOH . Mg2+ Na2HPO4 NH4Cl. MgNH4PO4.
Sb3+, Sb5+, Sn2+, Sn4+, Bi3+ . 0,5-1,03 3-5- ᒺ . , . Sn2+ Bi3+ Hg2+ Sb3+ ; Sb3+ Sn2+ .
Bi(NO3)3 HgCl2, , . Sn2+ .
Sb3+ . 糿 HNO3, 3-4 . ³ , . H2S. Sb2S3, - .
Bi3+ Hg2+ Sb3+ : , HCl ; - Bi3+ Hg2+ .
Sb3+, . 2-3 . :
SbCl3 + H2O SbOCl↓ +2HCl.
Hg2+ KI Sn2+ . Hg2+ . ᒺ (( H2S4)=2,0/3), Na2S2O3 2-3. . , , , , , , HNO3. Bi3+ Cu2+.
, , HgS, , , , Hg2+ Hg2+ , KI, H2S.
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Ni2+ , Fe2+ Cu2+, , Fe2+ Ni2+, Cu2+ [Cu(NH3)4]2+ . Fe2+ H2O2, Cu2+ CuS CuO.
Bi3+ Sb3+ Hg2+ SnO22 . Sb3+ Hg2+ Bi3+ : 5-6 , (( H2S4)=2,0/3), 2-3 , 5 . 10 , , . Bi3+ - .
2+ NH4SCN.
Cd2+ 2-3 , 3-4 (( H2S4)=2,0/3), Na2S2O3, 5. , .
2-3 H2S. CdS.
, 䳿 Na2S2O3 , HgS, Cu2S, As2S3, Sb2S3, Bi2S3. HNO3, . . , Cu2+, 3[Fe(CN)6]. - [Cu(NH3)4]2+ Cu2[Fe(CN)6] .
Cu2+ , . - .
As3+ Asv Na2CO3, , 2. , AsO33 AsO43, ( AsO43 SnCl2 ( AsO43), H2S ( AsO33 AsO43 As2S3 As2O5), ʲ ( AsO43), ( AsO33).