Shut the right side and translate from native language into Englis
8.3.7.. Finish sentences: 1 electric charges in motion 2 There are two kinds of current 3 A direct current (d.c. for short) flows 4 It does not change in 5 It is measured by 6 direct current generators produce . It is also used in 7.An alternating current (a.c. for short) is a. 8 The current flowing first in one. 9 the number of cycles per 10 The frequency of the current is 11 His electric candle was fed 12 Using a transformer, it is possible13. An alternating current is widely14. It was Yablochkov, the great15. His electric candle was fed by,16. a number of plants began to turn
Give Ukrainian equivalents paying attention to the suffixes.
generator, arrangement, frequency, constitution, widely, measurable, production, transmission, usefulness, width
8.3.9. Give full names to the following abbreviations:
d.c, a.c, c.p.s, etc., i.e.
Translate paying attention to the words underlined.
1. Owing to semiconductors we are able to convert heat directly into electricity without boilers or other machines.
2. Owing to a transformer we can "transform" high voltage into low voltage and vice versa.
3. Here there is a motion of electrons due to the electric field.
4. Every machine loses energy because of friction.
5. I n spite of its usefulness a direct current has one disadvantage.
6. We are able to picture the flow of an alternating current by.
A. Put 10 questions to the text.
b.. Speak on: 1) direct current; 2) alternating current.
X. Summarizing
XI. Homework- read and translate. Learn the words and terms
| Kinds of Currents As you, certainly, know electric charges in motion constitute a current. There are two kinds of current, namely: direct and alternating. A direct current (d.c. for short) flows through a conducting circuit in one direction only.vl.t does not change in magnitude. It is measured by the quantity of electricity passing through any section of the conductor in one second. By the way, direct current generators produce a direct current. A direct current is, of course, useful and we know the electrical systems in airplane, and in automobile to use direct current. It is also used in research work, in the telephone, in the telegraph, etc. An alternating current (a.c. for short) is a current that changes its direction of flow through a c ircuit. To alternate means to move back and forth. The current flowing first in one direction and then in another, we name it an alternating current. An alternating current flows in cycles, the number of cycles per second being called the frequency of the current. The frequency of the current is known to be measured in cycles per second. The standard frequency in Russia is 50 c.p.s. (cycles per second). From the above-mentioned, it is clear that a direct current system is useful. However, in spite of its usefulness a direct current system has one great disadvantage. Namely, there is no economical way by means of which one can increase or decrease its voltage. The alternating current does not know this disadvantage, alternating voltage increasing or decreasing with little loss owing to a transformer. Using a transformer, it is possible to convert power at low voltage into power at high voltage, power at high voltage being also transformed into power at low voltage. Power being transmitted over long distances with less loss at high voltage, it is more economical to increase the voltage for transmission and to decrease it to the voltage which is best suited for the particular use. An alternating current is widely used both in industry and in everyday life. A.c. generators produce alternating current. It was Yablochkov, the great Russian scientist, who first widely applied the alternating current in practice. His electric candle was fed by the a.c, Yablochkov's candle having given the first and most decisive stimulus to the development of the a.c. system, a number of plants began to turn out generators producing the alternating current | , , , , . , : . (d.c. ) . . , . , . , , . , , . (a.c. ) - , . . , . , . , . 50 , ., . , . , () , . , () () ,() () . () , () . , . A.c. . , , . a.c ( ), , (a.c.), , |
AUTOMATION IN UKRAINE
|
|
|
The growing importance of automatic equipment and processing in industry attracts world-wide attention. In our days one cannot imagine technical progress without automation, which is the highest stage of mechanization. Ukraine has many almost fully automatic enterprises: power station with remote control, chemical plants where men have only to keep watch over automatic units. Take, for example, the Bratsk hydroelectric station, one of the biggest in the world, which is controlled by only two men.
|
|
|
Some hydroelectric power plants have such mechanization that they do not require the constant presence of man at all. Instruments automatically start and stop the turbines, send the power to the consumer, regulate the water input.
There are several automatic systems at present, which use different techniques. But in each case mechanisms perform the process of production and the human operator has only to control the operation of process. In some kinds of work automatic machinery is more accurate and reliable than human workers.
The worker in the plant with modern automatic equipment is to regulate the production process and control the machines. But the operation of ''thinking'' machines the latest modern equipment and automatic regulators requires highly skilled, cultured people with good knowledge of technology.
Automation of all industrial processes is of great importance at today's stage of the development of engineering.
In Ukraine metallurgy automation finds an especially wide field of application. In metallurgy all-round automation makes it possible not only to regulate processes automatically, but also to introduce remote control. This is especially important for the improvement of labour conditions of workers in the metallurgical industry.
The number of automatic plants in our country grows and will continue to grow. Such is the general trend of Ukrainian engineering. The construction of more and more automatic enterprises is a vital necessity today.
Notes
1 to keep watch over -
2 all-round automation -
3 to make it possible -
200.
( )
:
:
: ֲ Ͳ.
:
, ,
, , , . .
: (, , , , , ,. )
: (, , , , , , , )
̳ :
Գ,
.
,, 泻. ..
: (, , ,
) ,
˳:
1972
: (, )
ղ
I. :.
Who is on duty today?
Who is absent?
What date is today?
What day of week is today?
II. :
Todays topic is AUTOMATION IN UKRAINE
By the end of the lesson you should be able:
to recognize new words and expressions,
to understand their meaning and operate by them discussing the text;
|
|
|
to identify main ideas and details from the text;
to participate in common conversational exchanges on the topic of today's lesson.
III. :
The knowledge of this topic will increase your outlook and knowledge of some interesting facts about electricity, their place in the life, as future specialists you must be well-educated, cultured people. This information will help you in your future profession
IV. .
Grammar tests:
V) :
Watch the short video. Try to understand and answer the questions
VI) O :
I'll check your homework.
l) .
VII.
VIII.
1 Introduction with a new words
2 Exercises
3. Introduction with a new topic
4 Exercises
5. Reading the text
IX Homework
X.Summarizing
ղ
Read and remember
| 1.Growing 2 automatic equipment 3 processing 4 attracts world-wide attention 5 imagine 6 the highest stage 7 almost fully automatic enterprises 8 power station 9 remote control 10 chemical plant 11 have only 12 to keep watch over automatic units. 13 hydroelectric power plants 14 such 15 do not require 16 constant presence 17, send the power 18 consumer 19 water input 20 more accurate and reliable 21''thinking'' machines 22 highly skilled, cultured 23 finds an especially wide field of 24.application 25 all-round automation 26 makes it possible 27 to introduce remote control 28 especially 29 labour conditions 30 general trend 31 a vital necessity | .1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21" 22 , 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 |
