Þ Dr Dr , Dr 298 Dr 298
Dr (1) = Dr (2) + Dr (3)
:
4 + 22 = 2 + 22 (), Dr 298 = 802,34
2 :
1. 4 + 3/22 = + 22 () Dr 1 = 519,33 ,
2. + 1/22 = 2, Dr 2 = 283,01 ,
Dr = Dr 1 + Dr 2 = ( 519,33) + ( 283,01) =
= 802,34
D f , 298 101 0
(2-, Br2-, -, Sn, S.)
- D fo 298 ( )
H2()+2O2()+S()=H2SO4();
Dr 298 = Δ f 0298 (H2SO4) = -811,3 /
½H2() + ½N2() + 1½O2() = 1HNO3() + Δ f 0298 ( HNO3 )
Dr 298 = Δ f 0298 ( HNO3 ) = -174,3 /
Δ 0298 1 , .
:
Δ r 0 -
:
1. ∆ rH0T = ∆ rH 0298 + ∫ ∆ r0pdT ( = const)
298
∆ rp = Δ a + Δ bT +Δ c ′ T -2+Δ cT 2 -
.
, b, c, c ′ - ().
Δr:
∆ r
∆ rp <0 ∆ rp >0
∆ rp =0
2. ( =nst):
∆ r 0 = ∆ r 0298 + ∆ r 0 ( - 298)
∆ rp = ∑ν ii 0 - ∑ν jj 0
:
3. ∆ r 0 = 0:
∆ rH0T = ∆ rH 0298
∆ rH 0298 ∆ rH 01000
() + 2() = 2(),
.
∆ r 0 = ∆ r 0298 + ∆ r 0 ( - 298)
:
: Δ f 0298,/ 0 298,/.
() 0 8,54
2 () -393,5 37,41
() -110,5 29,14
Δ r 0298 = 2Δ f 0298 - Δ f 0298 - Δ f 0298 2 =
= 2(-110,5) 0 (-393,5) = 172,5 .
Δ r 0298 >0 - .
|
|
:
∆ r 0 = 2 0 298 0 298 0 2982=
= 2 . (29,14)8,5437,41 =12,33 /
∆ r 01000 = 172,5 + 12,33.10-3.(1000 - 298) = 181,16
702 5%.
-
() + 2() = 2() 298.
.
Qp = QV + ∆ν RT, QV = DU, Qp = D H, ∆ν = 2 - 1=1
∆ rU 0298 = ∆ rH 0298 ∆ν RT =
175,2 1.8,31 . 298 . 10-3 = 172,7 .
.
∆ rH 0298 (1)
() + 2() = 2(),
:
(2) 2() + 2() = 2(), ∆ rH 0298 = -221
(3) 2() + 2() = 22(), ∆ rH 0298 = -566,1 .
. .
.1 = ½.2 ½.3
½(2()+ 2()) - ½(2() + 2()) =½×2() - ½×22()
∆ rH 01 = ½ (∆ rH 02 - ∆ rH 03) = ½[-221 (-566,1)] = 172,5 .
- :
1)
2) ( .
▼ ;
►
(, , ) .
.
, .. .
( ).
W , .., . 1 6,021023 , lnW
,
S = k lnW
k
k = R/N =1,38×10-23 /
D S > 0
S 0298(O) = 161 /()
S 0298(O2) = 205 /()
S 0298(O3) = 238,8 /()
S
S
S
|
● D S () > 0 - ( , , ).
● D S () < 0 ( , )
▼ S 0 (/×)-