(Robert Dennard) IBM MOSFET.
MOSFET, .
: n ( ), n .
- .
.
, ( ).
90 1,2 , 5 . , , , .
.
k , .
k - . k= 3,9.
k, , .
k () (high-k/metal-gate).
Intel, , - high-k/metal-gate, 45 .
1979 -3000
.
2007 -45
2009 - 32
2010 - 28
2011 - 22
2015 - 14
32-28 - high-k , .
high-k 1,0 (45- ) 0,9 (32- ), 30 . 0,7 .