, . (), ( ) I = f (E).
, ( ), , , , ( ) . , , () , . - ( ), , .
,
: . . . , (Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ .) , 1.1 . (Cu2+, Ag+) , KMnO4, K2Cr2O7. Fe(II) , . Fe(III) Cu(II) .
. ,
+ E, B |
E, B |
Ia |
I |
1.0 |
1.0 |
H2 |
H2 |
H2 |
O2 |
O2 |
O2 |
4.6 ( ) ( ) (1), (2) (3) ( 0.2 H2SO4)
|
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, . . 4.6 , , , , .
, .. , . . . , () .
, I = f (E), , , ( ). , ( = ) ( = ). ( ). ( ) I = f (E) (. 4.7).
() () (0.1 1.0 ×1) ( ), . , .
A |
D |
h |
h 1/2 |
E 1/2 |
E |
I |
4.7 ()
E, |
I, |
4.8 (1) (2) -
, () (. 4.7) .
, , , , , . ( ) , .. :
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, (4.5)
V S , ; .
, . - ( .). , Na2SO3.
CD , , (S ≈0) . () S ≈0, (4.5) :
. (4.6)
(4.5) (4.6) , . ,
,
n , ; D , 2×1; m , 1 ; τ , .
, (4.7)
n , F , 96487 ×(×)1; D , 2×1; S , 2; d , .
(4.7) .
, , (. 4.8).
, , (. 4.9), .
I . |
E |
I |
I . |
4.9 , : I . ; I .
. , .