. , . : , , .
. , - , , . , ; (Ungersma, 1961).
1940- . (Mathewson, 1949, . 73) , ... , , , , , . ..
1940- . , , . , . , . 1990- , , , / .
/ . , , . , . , , .
(Ivey, 1990) , , , . (: , , ). , , , , . , , . , (Developmental conseling and therapy DCT) , (Ivey & Ivey, 1990, p. 299).
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, , (Myers, 1992). , (Rak & Patterson, 1996, p. 368). , . (Mostert Johnson &Mostert, 1997, p. 21). , (Rak & Patterson, 1996), .
, , . ( ) (Stress inoculation training SIT) (Meichenbaum, 1993), - , , , (Israelashvili, 1998). , , .
/ (Kleist & White, 1997). , , . .
/ . , - , , (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM ( . . .)) (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). , , (International Classification of Diseases ICD-10), . (DSM-IV) 400 , . , 14 16 (, , ) (Smart & Smart, 1997, p. 393).
DSM, 1980 , . / , , , (Hinkle, 1994, . 38). II . /// , . IV , , , , . {global assessment of functioning GAF) 100- . , . , :
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I: 305.00; ;
II: 317.00; ;
III: ;
IV: , , ;
V: GAF= 30 ( ).
DSM , (Denton, 1990; Hinkle, 1994). . , , , , , . , DSM-W , , . , .
DSM (Geroski Rodgers & Breen, 1997; Seligman, 1997):
1. DS- , , , .
2. DS- , .
3. DSM-, , , .