G -.
G , :
.
.
, , , ,
, , , ().
, , , ( ).
, , .
, .
: .
, G (Vi) .
, , . .
a b , . d (a, b). .
:
1) d (a, b) = d (b, a);
2) d (a, b) ≥ 0, d (a, b) = 0 ↔ a = b;
3) d (a, b) ≤ d (a, c) + d (c, b)
, , , .
.
. (7.1)
G . :
.
, :
. (7.2)
G . :
. (7.3)
G , .
: .
G , , .
G , , .
7.1.
-, 7.1, 1) , 2) , 3) , 4) ,5) , 6) .
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.
1) , , . 1 = (1, 4, 5, 1, 4, 7, 3). (1, 4).
2) , , . 2 = (4, 3, 1, 5, 6, 7, 4, 1). 1.
3) , . 3 = (4, 3, 7, 5, 6).
4) , , . 4 = (1, 5, 4, 3, 1, 5, 7, 4, 1). (1, 5).
7.1.
5) , , . 5 = (3, 4, 5, 7, 4, 1, 3). 4.
, , .
6) , . 6 = (5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5).
7.2.
-, 7.1, . . .
:
, . .
d (a, b) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
7 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
(1, 1) 0, 1 1 ( ) 0.
(1, 2) 1, 1 2 , .
(1, 6) 2, , 1 6 (1, 5, 6). , 2.
.
. .
. d (G) = 3.
. r (G) = 2.
: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 ( ). .
, . , , , , , 3 ( ). 2 6. , . :
D 1 = (2, 1, 5, 6) D 2 = (2, 3, 7, 6).
, .
1 , 2, 6 7 ( ). :
R 1 = (1, 5, 6) R 2 = (1, 4, 7).
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3 5 6 ( ). :
R 3 = (3, 4, 5) R 4 = (3, 7, 6).
.