G =(V, E) -.
() () v , v.
, .
( r) r- (, ), .
0.
- G = (V, E) n, , .
: , v , v.
- G =(V, E) n, , .
- G =(V, E) n, , .
6.1.
- G (. . 6.8). . .
. 6.8.
a | b | c | d | |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
1 . 1.
2 , 1. .
, 1 ; 2 3 , 2 3 ; d , .
a | b | c | d | |
a | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
b | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
c | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
d | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
. (1,1) 1.
b . (1,2) 1.
c . (1,3) 2.
.
, 1 , 1; ; d .
.
, . 1, 2, 3, 4. , .
b , b. 4 5. .
, , .
, :
, , .
6.2.
G (. . 6.9). . .
|
|
. 6.9.
a | b | c | d | |
1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
3 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
4 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 0 |
6 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 0 |
1 ,
-1, 1, 0.
2 , -1, 1. .
, 1 ; 2 3 , 2 3 ; 5 6 , 5 -1, 6 1, ; d , , 0.
a | b | c | d | |
a | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
b | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
c | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
d | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
. (1, 1) 1.
b . (1, 2) 1.
d . (1, 3) (1, 4) 0.
.
, 1 , 1; , (3, 1) 2; b , , (2, 3) (3, 2) ; d .
.
, . 1, 4. .
, . 1, 2, 3. .
,
, ;
, ;
, .
, :