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IX. -

 

, , /. - .

- :

1) mine, ours, his, hers, theirs, yours - , , :

 

Our procedure is more practical than theirs (their procedure). - () , ().

Results similar to ours (our results) have previously been obtained by Prof. N.- , (), .

2) that, those , , ( of ( Participle II), . , :

The most extensive investigation was that f Lehman. .

We use the method similar in form to those derived in.- , .

3) this, these , , , , this these . . , :

) - this these : (, ) ;

) this these , , , :

The original problem is now broken up into three regions. These are loss free regions. - . .

These the same s the results obtained when d = . , , d = .

 

) this these , , , , , . ., :

These were some successive ations. - .

This confirms our earlier suggestion. - (e, ) .

4) n ( n s) , ( , ). , ones, :

It is possible to relate this phenomenological hs diagram to more conventional n . - .

Among the disadvantages the following nes b mentioned.- ().

5) the former the latter - ( )... ( ). , :

The latter procedure is much morecomplicated than the former one. - ( ) , .

4 4. , that:

1. Every man has three characters: that which he exhibits, that which he has, and that which he thinks he has. 2. The procedure that has been followed has many disadvantages. 3. The method investigated for solving these problems is that of combinatorial programming. 4. They did not ask us to prove that the symbols in question were effective. 5. That these patterns can be critical has been demonstrated by Fogg. 6. It is necessary that the criteria should be made explicit. 7. It is imperative to good management that risks and costs be minimized. 8. We simply assume that names will be substituted by the expressions that define them. 9. This solution has the disadvantage that it is too complicated. 10. The Greeks in the fifth century B.C. had the idea that the Earth was a sphere. 11. It is from this point that the theory takes off. 12. If one believes that one will believe anything. 13. It is the end that matters. 14. This formulation reduces to that given in.

 

4 5. , one:

1. One is never old to learn. 2. One should see the situation with one's own eyes. 3. The reduced problem has the same structure as the original one. 4. The problem to be solved is fundamentally a mathematical one. 5. One may postulate that this hypothesis holds under the circumstances. 6. The use of an analogue computer permits one to obtain such records quite rapidly. 7. In Fig. 2 one. can see the negative influence of the strategy. 8. Going one step further, a complementary operator might be added. 9. As one turns the pages one is impressed by two aspects of the work. 10. Such an overall approach is obviously a long-term one. 11. This chapter considers the alternative ways in which one could try to bring about an improvement. 12. The largest countries are not as specialized the smaller ones.

 

4 6. , , - :

1. Our ideologists linked the western pragmatic approach with that of the mysticism of the East. 2. The forces of peace are more powerful than those of war. 3. The industrial output of Austria in 1992 was nearly 10 per cent below that of 1991. 4. In 1951 the per hectare cotton yield in the USSR was nearly twice as great as that of Egypt. 5. The wages of the Europeans in South Africa are usually ten times as great as those of Africans. 6. One of Korea's acutest problems for centuries was that of water for irrigation purposes. 7. The first German edition of the Communist Manifesto was published in 1848; the first Russian one, early in the sixties.

4 7. , , - :

1. An inert gas is the one, which does not enter into chemical combination with other substances. 2. The most distant planets as well as the nearest ones are beyond the atmosphere of the earth. 3. The vegetation of valleys is richer than that of mountains. 4. The earliest squatting places of man in our country are those discovered in the Caucasus and in the Crimea. 5. Every useful object such as iron, paper, etc., may be regarded from a twofold outlook, that of quality and that of quantity. 6. A pure substance is the one containing no admixtures. 7. This motherboard is much better than the one you showed me last time. 8. Markoni repeated Popov's experiments in London and built a radio apparatus, which was an exact replica of the Russian one.

 

 

4 8. , -:

1. A complete test set is that of tests that test every point that can be tested. 2. These times should be compared with those in Table 5. 3. The rate is identical with that of the uninhibited reaction. 4. This follows immediately from Theorem 1. 5. One should use a new method, not the old one. 6. Our values are not in accord with those obtained by previous workers. 7. Overflow from one plate to the one below is by no means by the side arm. 8. Thus, connections that pass data are a necessary minimum. Not so the communications of control. 9. One cannot start applying probability theory before one has an adequate method for numerical representation of the data. 10. This brings the story to a third possibility: one associated primarily with the name of Skolen. 11. this leads one to regard two problems. 12. We conclude that the latter information value exceeds the former.

49. , - :

 

GENERATION OF STEAM

Steam is generated in a boiler by the application of heat to some part, which is in close contact with the water it contains. The heat raises the temperature of the water to boiling point and eventually produces steam,

Sensible heat is the one added to the water during the period in which the temperature is rising and while no steam is being generated.

When boiling point is reached, the heat necessary to convert the water into steam is latent one and cannot be measured by the thermometer. Steam heated to a temperature above that which is necessary to make water boil at the given pressure is termed superheated steam.

The total heat of superheated steam is the one required superheating to the desired temperature, plus to total heat of dry saturated steam above 32 F, and at the superheated pressure.

When steam is generated in a closed vessel, the water and steam cannot be under the influence of the atmosphere, and therefore the pressure shown by the boiler is the pressure, which differs from the absolute pressure by an amount equal to atmospheric pressure.

For practical purposes atmospheric pressure is taken as 15 lbs. per sq. in., and therefore the readings for the absolute pressure of steam in a boiler are 15 lbs. greater than those shown by the pressure gauge.

 



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