| Word | Transcription | Traslation |
| Atmosphere | ||
| Layer | ||
| Sufficient | ||
| Gravity | ||
| Surface | ||
| Liquid | ||
| Solar system | ||
| Invisible | ||
| Account for | ||
| Portion | ||
| Vapor | ||
| Dust | ||
| Spread out | ||
| Barely | ||
| Weight | ||
| Equal | ||
| Entire | ||
| Bottom | ||
| Eject | ||
| Altitide |
Task 2. Write 5 sentences with the new words. You can use more than 1 new word in each sentence.
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Task 3. Use your dictionary to complete the following table.
| Verb | Noun | Adjective |
| sufficient | ||
| system | ||
| support | ||
| boundary | ||
| different | ||
| surroundings | ||
| develop | ||
| accumulation |
Task 4. Read the names of the chemical elements correctly. Mind the stress, use dictionary if necessary.
Hydrogen
Lithium
Berylium
Helium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Chlorine
Argon
Calcium
Titanium
Chromium
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Silver
Platinum
Gold
Lead
Task 5. Match English phrases with their Russian equivalents.
| gravity of the body | |
| ultraviolet radiation | |
| solar wind | |
| cosmic ray | |
| living organisms | |
| stellar atmosphere | |
| stable atmosphere | |
| solar system | |
| oxygen molecules | |
| a layered structure |
Task 6. Fill the missing words in the sentences below.
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Plants Composition Atmosphere(2) Star Living Organisms Photosynthesis Radiation Oxigen
The _____________ of Earth is mostly composed of nitrogen. It also contains ____________ used by most organisms for respiration and carbon dioxide used by _______________, algae and cyanobacteria for ______________. It protects _______ organisms from genetic damage by solar ultraviolet __________, solar wind and cosmic rays. Its current ___________ is the product of billions of years of biochemical modification of the paleoatmosphere by living __________.
The term stellar atmosphere describes the outer region of a _______, and typically includes the portion starting from the opaque photosphere outwards. Stars with sufficiently low temperatures may form compound molecules in their outer ____________.
Task 7. Give the English equivalents.
Comprehension and discussion
Task 8. Answer the questions:
1. How can you explain the term atmosphere?
2. What layers does the atmosphere of the Earth consist of?
3. What other planets of the solar system can support life as we know it? Why?
4. What chemical are essencial for livivng?
5. What is the atmosphere of the other planets of the solar system?
6. Is there atmosphere in space?
7. How long did it take to form the present level of oxigen on the Earth?
8. What is photosynthesis?
9. The term stellar atmosphere describes the outer region of a star, doesnt it?
10. Which is the most distant layer of the atmosphere?
Task 9. Complete the following sentences:
1. An atmosphere is a layer of gases...
2. Life is not possible without a stable atmosphere containing...
3. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune all have atmospheres made mostly of...
4. Scientists say many of the gases in our atmosphere...
5. Photosynthesis is...
6. From the ground toward the sky, the layers of the Earth are...
7. Ionosphere, extends from... to...
8. The Earth's atmosphere consists of a number of layers that differ in properties such as...
Task 10. Speak on.
1. The atmospere of the Earth.
2. The atmospere of the other planets of the solar system.
3. The layers of the atmospere of the Earth.
Task 11. Translate the text and retell it in English:
Troposphere
The troposphere is the lowest atmospheric layer. On average, the troposphere extends from the ground to about 10 kilometers (6 miles) high, ranging from about 6 kilometers (4 miles) at the poles to more than 16 kilometers (10 miles) at the Equator. The top of the troposphere is higher in summer than in winter.
Almost all weather develops in the troposphere because it contains almost all of the atmospheres water vapor. Clouds, from low-lying fog to thunderheads to high-altitudecirrus, form in the troposphere. Air masses, areas of high-pressure and low-pressure systems, are moved by winds in the troposphere. These weather systems lead to daily weather changes as well as seasonal weather patterns and climate systems, such as El Nino.
Air in the troposphere thins as altitude increases. There are fewer molecules of oxygen at the top of Mount Everest, Nepal, for example, than there are on a beach in Hawaii. This is why mountaineers often use canisters of oxygen when climbing tall peaks. Thin air is also why helicopters have difficulty maneuvering at high altitudes. In fact, a helicopter was not able to land on Mount Everest until 2005.
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As air in the troposphere thins, temperature decreases. This is why mountaintops are usually much colder than the valleys beneath. Scientists used to think temperature continued to drop as altitude increased beyond the troposphere. But data collected with weather balloons and rockets have showed this is not the case. In the lower stratosphere, temperature stays almost constant. As altitude increases in the stratosphere, temperature actually increases.
Solar heat penetrates the troposphere easily. This layer also absorbs heat that is reflected back from the ground in a process called the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is necessary for life on Earth. The atmospheres most abundant greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane.
Fast-moving, high-altitude winds called jet streams swirl around the planet near the upper boundary of the troposphere. Jet streams are extremely important to theairline industry. Aircraft save time and money by flying in jet streams instead of the lower troposphere, where air is thicker.
Task 12. Render this text in English:
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