Ö³ë³: ïåðåâ³ðèòè ð³âåíü óì³íü ó÷í³â ç àóä³þâàííÿ.
Êëàñ
Äàòà
Procedure
Listen to the text and do the task.
JOHN MUIR: AMERICAN NATURALIST
John Muir was an inventor, conservationist, explorer, naturalist, and teacher. He dedicated his life to preserving nature.
Born in Scotland on April 21, 1838, John was one of eight children. He started school when he was three years old. The Scottish countryside was
the perfect playground for John. He watched birds, explored meadows and
fields, and climbed the ruins of a nearby castle. His early love for hiking, climbing, and nature followed him throughout his life.
In 1849 John’s father decided to move to America. He took John and
his two younger children with him. The rest of the family arrived from
Scotland nine months later. The Muirs settled in Wisconsin. Pioneer work
was very hard for young John. Land had to be cleared, and logs had to be cut and split to make fences. Fields had to be plowed, planted, and harvested.
John continued to work on the family farm until he was 22 years old. He then packed his bags, moved to Madison and entered the University of
Wisconsin. At the university John studied chemistry, biology, and geology. In the spring of 1864 John set out for Canada. He began a lifelong journey
to explore and eventually protect parts of the North American wilderness.
On his first journey to California, John was amazed by the beauty he
saw. The clear rivers, towering waterfalls, and great variety of plants and wildlife convinced him that California would be his home. While working for a shepherd, John realized that sheep’s hoofed feet damaged the delicate plant life.
From these experiences grew John’s love of the Sierra Nevada Moun-
tains. When he saw sheep destroy the wilderness, he became more dedicat- ed to finding a way to save it. He became a famous writer on the Sierras.
Through his writings and continuous work, Yosemite Valley was soon pro-
tected by the state of California.
He found so much destruction of the environment that he sat out to save
it. His efforts helped make Yosemite a national park in 1890. By 1892, he formed and became the first president of the Sierra Club. He was a respected
consultant on conservation matters from then until 1914, when he died.
Choose the right answer.
1) John Muir was born in ….
a) America b) Great Britain c) England
2) He started school in ….
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a) 1840 b) 1848 c) 1841
3) His family decided to move to America when he was …. a) 11 b) 12
c) 13
4) In America John helped his family ….
a) at the firm b) on the farm c) at the plant
5) After university he started exploration of ….
a) California b) the north of Canada c) Nevada
6) He protected the wilderness from destroying by …. a) sheep b) cows
c) elephants
OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCULPTURE CENTRE
The International Sculpture Center (ISC) is in Hamilton, New Jersey. It started in 1960 under the capable hands of Elden Tefft. At that early time, ISC was at the University of Kansas. It is mainly a website and a magazine. The website launched in 1997. In 2010, the first international conference took place in London, England. In 2006, the ISC press opened with the pub- lications of three books.
The Center is a non-profit organization which works with artists, jour- nalists, architects, curators, patrons, historians, galleries and many other people interested in learning sculpture. ISC exists to give sculptor a sup- portive place to talk with other sculptors about their work, share their work and educate the public about sculpture and its value in today’s world.
ISC offers conferences, publications and education to any that show an interest in sculpture. They publish Sculpture Magazine. The office is in Washington D.C. The website has a directory which allows members to search for an artist and see his works. Anyone can browse through and see their favorite sculptor. The website lists all the sculptor’s achievements and two photos of his favorite sculptures. Articles about the sculptors also appear on the website.
ISC has a number of membership levels: the basic membership, students and seniors, friend and patron. Memberships include Sculpture Magazine (10 issues) both the digital and print additions, The Insider Newsletter, dis- counts on registration fees and vendor sales and webpage featuring 2 pho- tos and 2 pages of text concerning the sculptor and his work. The Magazine is about half the membership cost and digital edition only $25.
Upcoming events include Chicago Conference entitled “Process, Pa- tron, and Public” in October during the first weekend. This conference is for sculptors to share their ideas concerning how to involve the public more in contemporary sculpture. The Conference will take place at the Chicago Cultural Center and the School of the Art Institute in Chicago.
February 11–15, 2013 is a symposium in Auckland, New Zealand. The symposium features many trips to private studios including The Farm and Connells Bay Sculpture Park to view Alan Gibb’s sculpture.
Besides all the discounts, ISC also has a store where members can buy books and products, like T-shirts at reduced costs. It also has back issues of Sculpture and a directory of sculpture parks and gardens. This directory lists sculpture parks all over the world and is an easy resource to use with or without a membership to the website.
t rue or False
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1) The International Sculpture Center started in the middle of the twenti- eth century.
2) Some funds support this organization.
3) Anybody who wants to know more about sculpture may join this centre.
4) You can find all the necessary information about your favourite sculp- tor on the website as in the magazine.
5) No special privileges for members.
6) The main goal of the centre is sharing ideas.
7) Everybody can purchase products from the centre store at a lower price.
Key: 1 T, 2 F, 3 T, 4 T, 5 F, 6 T, 7 F.
Lesson 92
S P eak I ng
Ö³ë³: ïåðåâ³ðèòè ð³âåíü óì³íü ó÷í³â ç óñíîãî ìîâëåííÿ.
Procedure
Choose any of the following topics and speak of it.
It’s your planet
Êëàñ
Äàòà
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
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What would you do if scientists realized that in fifteen years, the Earth
would be unable to support any life whatsoever… and nothing could be done?
Could you do more to reduce global warming and protect the environ- ment?
What can other countries do to ensure large polluters like America or China get serious about the environment now?
What are five ways that every person can help the environment, start-
ing now?
How was the Earth’s sickness similar to what our bodies do when we are sick?
What were some “symptoms”?
What can we do to help the Earth feel better?
What can we do to stop the Earth from feeling sick? What do you think people do with these exotic animals? What do you think can be done to stop the poachers?
Do you know which other animals are in danger of extinction? What do you think we should do to protect these animals? What alternative sources of energy should we use instead? Why don’t we use alternative sources of energy now?
What changes do you think people could make in their everyday lives in
order to help prevent the planet from getting warmer? What do you do to reduce energy consumption?
What does your school or company do?
What do you do to save water? What could people do to save more water in the future?
Speaking about art
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
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7)
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How great is your interest in art?
What’s the best art gallery you’ve been to? Do you like modern art?
What do you think of installation art?
Do you ever think a lot of art is not really art? Do you have a favorite artist?
What kind of art do you like — paintings, sculpture, ceramics, etc? What is art?
Does art change the way you think or feel?
Do you think anyone can be an artist or do you need a special talent? Do you think all children should study art at school?
Do you think children should learn the history of art?
Do you think a painting can really be worth a million (or more)
dollars?
Do you think today’s artists are as good as those from hundreds of years ago?
What was the last painting / poster / piece of art you bought. Why did you buy it?
Describe the pieces of artwork in your house. What kind of art is your country famous for? What kind of life do you think an artist’s is?
19)
20)
Do you have any artistic talents?
How would the world be different without artists?
Focus on Youth
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2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
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8)
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What are the good things and bad things about today’s youth? Are today’s youth different from the youth of yesteryear? How would you describe an average member of today’s youth? Do today’s youth respect authority?
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What is the fountain of youth?
Do you think youths understand how lucky they are?
How are the youth of different continents different to the young people in your country?
Pablo Picasso said: “Youth has no age”. What did he mean? Do you agree?
Someone once said: “Don’t waste your youth growing up”. What did they mean? Do you agree?
What three adjectives would you use to describe today’s youth? What’s the biggest problem with today’s youth?
What aspects of today’s youth make you hopeful about the future? Do you have any wild and crazy stories from your youth?
What’s the thing you hated most about your youth? Do old people understand today’s youth?
What kind of youth were you?
What things about the world do you think youths are angry about? Herbert Asquith said: “Youth would be an ideal state if it came a little later in life”. What did he mean? Do you agree?
George Bernard Shaw said: “Youth is a wonderful thing. What a crime to waste it on children”. What did he mean? Do you agree?
People and Society
1)
2)
3)
4)
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How are government officials chosen in your country? Do you think this method is fair?
In your opinion, how much should governments contribute to univer- sity education?
How interested are you in politics?
What type of information--if any--do you think a government should keep from its citizens?
What do you think is the most important political issue right now? Why is it important?
How much does a politician’s personal life affect their ability to do their job?
Why do you think the media pays a lot of attention to politicians’ per- sonal lives?
Tell about an important political event in your country’s recent history.
What do you think of Ukrainian politics? Tell about a political person you admire.
How successful do you think the European Union has been / will be?
Is military service required in your country? Do you think it’s a good idea?
Do you think it’s important for a country to have a strong military? Why or why not?
Why do you think there aren’t more women in politics? Do you think people pay more attention to female politicians than male ones?
What can governments do about poverty?
If you were a politician, what political issues would you focus on? What qualities make a good political leader?
What does it mean to be a good citizen?
Lesson 93
R ead I ng
Ö³ë³: ïåðåâ³ðèòè ð³âåíü óì³íü ó÷í³â ç ÷èòàííÿ.
Procedure
Read the text and choose the correct answer.
Êëàñ
Äàòà
RECYCLING
C o m m e n t a t o r. We hear it a lot in the news these days: “Recycle
newspapers and save a tree. Collect bottles and cans so they can be reused in
the manufacturing of new products”.
Protecting our delicate environment seems to be on the agenda of politi-
cians, government leaders, and citizens in many parts of the world to show
support for mother nature. The concept of green consumerism has gained
momentum more and more over the last decade, and the public feels moved
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to pitch in and help. However, three essential keys needed to power this movement include a more informed public, the development of improved technology, and a greater demand for recycled materials.
Let’s use paper as an example. The first step is to raise public awareness
about the recycling process, to explain the kinds of materials that can be re-
cycled, and provide ways on how to properly dispose of them. Local govern- ments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials
from those, like waxed paper, carbon paper, plastic laminated material such
as fast food wrappers, that can’t be recycled very easily. Then, a system of
collecting these sorted materials needs to be established. The Public inter-
est might be there, but soon may wane if there isn’t a system where they can take these materials to be recycled. Sometimes, we become complacent
when it comes to recycling, but when you speak in terms of actual facts and
figures that everyone can understand, people become more cognizant of the problem. I remember reading one time that the energy saved from one re-
cycled can provides enough power to operate a television for three hours. Give the public information they can grasp, and then you will increase your
chances of gaining followers.
Second, technological progress has been made on many fronts, but go- vernmental agencies need to step up their support for companies involved in
recycling by providing tax incentives, low-cost loans, or even grants to up-
grade equipment and to encourage further research. One breakthrough has
been the development of a new manufacturing process that uses enzymes to
help remove ink from paper in more energy efficient and environmentally safe methods. Recycling paper materials can be expensive in both monetary
and environmental terms. The difficulty in removing print from paper, the
amount of energy expended during the process, and caustic waste that is sometimes produced are costs that companies incur that are then passed on to the consumer.
The final key is to increase demand for the growing surplus of resour-
ces waiting to be recycled. This process (or rather, problem) has appeared in
various regions of the world where the technology to process the used mate- rials lags far behind the amount being collected for recycling. There may be
a great outpouring of support; yet the great stumbling block to implement-
ing the second stage of this plan could be impeded by the corporate sector’s
inability to find commercial enterprises interested in using recycled goods
especially when the cost exceeds those of virgin materials.
Recycling is a crucial key to protect our planet. The three keys men- tioned are important ways to achieve this end.
