ROM ( 3070 ). PC ( ); CGA, MDA, HGC.
PROM ( ) BIOS . , . , ( ), (, ).
EPROM BIOS , , . 27xx-tt 27Cxx-tt CMOS. xx : 2708 1 ×8 , 2716/32/64/128/256/512 2/4/8/16/32/64 , 27010 27020 128 256 . tt 50250 . (, 27001 27002 64 128 16- ) PC .
EPROM , ( , ). . . , . , ( ). 10 . 2764 5 . . , ( ).
, , ( ). ( ), , - . EPROM 27.
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(CGA, MDA, HGC) , ( ) BIOS Boot ROM . EPROM - LPT- PC ( ISA). . 50- . 8 (2764) . PC (, - 2400 ) .
. () VPP , EPROM 1226 ( ). , EPROM , . VPP 5 () , ROM. BIOS, .
PC EPROM DIP PLCC (. 7.21), . 7.18 7.19.
. 7.18. EPROM DIP: a DIP-24, DIP-28, DIP-32
. 7.19. EPROM TSOP PLCC: TSOP-32, PLCC-32
7.21. EPROM
2716 2 ×8 | DIP-24 | 7.18, | 20 = #; 21 = Vpp |
2732 4 ×8 | DIP-24 | 7.18, | 20 = OE#/Vpp, 21=A11 |
2764 8 ×8 | DIP-28 | 7.18, | 1 = Vpp, 22 = OE#; 26 = NC, 27 = PGM# |
27128 16 ×8 | DIP-28 | 7.18, | 1 = Vpp, 22 = OE#; 26 = A13, 27 = PGM# |
27256 32 ×8 | DIP-28 | 7.18, | 1 = Vpp, 22 = OE#; 26 = A13, 27 = A14 |
27512 64 ×8 | DIP-28 | 7.18, | 1 = A15, 22 = OE#/Vpp, 26 = A13, 27 = A14 |
27010 128 ×8 | DIP-32 | 7.18, | 30 = NC |
27010 128 ×8 | TSOP-32 | 7.19, | 6 = NC |
27010 128 ×8 | PLCC-32 | 7.19, | 30 = NC |
27020 256 ×8 | DIP-32 | 7.18, | - |
27020 256 ×8 | TSOP-32 | 7.19, | - |
27020 256 ×8 | PLCC-32 | 7.19, | - |
EPROM . 7.22.
7.22. EPROM
# | Chip Enable . |
, | |
# | Output Enable . # . VPP |
DQx | Data Input/Output . # ( , ) |
Address . 9 (12) (0 = 0) (0 = 1), | |
PGM# | Programm ( , # VPP) |
VPP | ( ) |
VCC | (+5 ) |
EPROM.
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♦ . .
♦ , , .
♦ (5 ) VPP ( ).
♦ .
EEPROM -
( ) EEPROM, E²PROM (Electrical Erasable PROM), . ( ) , / , ( ). (Page Write), , . ( , ), , , (4-32 128256 ). , / , ( ), . , , . (12 ) . EEPROM -. EEPROM -, (, ). (106 ) EEPROM, . EEPROM ( 100 ). - , ( 10 ). EEPROM , (Serial EEPROM) I²C, SPI (Parallel EEPROM) ( EPROM).
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- EEPROM ( ), . - ( ). (). - ( 30 % DRAM), , , , . - Intel 1988 , .
- () . ; 8 16 ( ). () ; () . , , . . ; . - , (- ) . () , , -. , , EPROM EEPROM. , - . - , (SRAM), ROM/PROM/EPROM. , , , I². 5 , VPP = +12 . +5 . 2,73,3 1,65-2,2 , a VPP 5, 3,3, 2,7 1,65 . 0,3, 0,22, 0,18 ( , ). (1990 .) - 10 000, 100 000.
- 35-200 . ( ) 90- 12 , () 10 . . (. ). () . , . , . , .
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:
♦ Bulk Erase (BE) ; ; ;
♦ Boot Block (BB) , , ;
♦ Flash File , (Symmetrical Architecture, SA).
BE , ( EEPROM ). ( ), .
(SA), , 64 ; ( ) .
64- 8 8 . , . (BIOS), (Boot Block) , (, ) -. T () (Bottom), Boot- , . , ( , 86, Pentium), , , . BB , 28F001- (28F001BN-), -BIOS PC, :
♦ (Main Block) 112 (00000h-1BFFFh);
♦ (Parameter Block) 4 (1C000h-1CFFFh 1D000h-1DFFFh);
♦ (Boot Block) 8 (1E000h-1FFFFh), .
; , ESCD PnP.
, MT28C3214P2FL - 2 ×16 SRAM 256 ×16.
NOR NAND. NOR , - (NOR Not OR). , - ( ) . NAND , - (NAND Not AND), .
- ( ) (1 , 0 ). 4 , . Intel StrataFlash, 128 (16 ).
- , . , , AMD ( -).
(Page Mode). 4 8 ; 70 . , ( ) 20 . . (Burst Mode) () . CLK. ADV# ( CLK). 3 , .
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- ( ), SDRAM. 66 (, MT28S4M16LC 1 ×16×4 ), 133 . , ( ).
- DRAM ( ) , RAS# CAS#. SIMM DIMM, . , , PostScript . , , , POST , . BIOS, . , , -. SIMM DIMM , +12 , , , , . 16- , , ( 0FFh) .
BIOS - LPC, (firmware hub).
. , Intel OTP (One-Time-Programmable). 64- , ( ) .
Intel Wireless Flash Memory , , (wireless ). ( ): 1,85 , OTP ..